Company history

Timee began as something with no connection to spot work at all. In August 2017 Ogawa Ryo, then a business student at Rikkyo University, set up Recolle in Kunitachi, Tokyo, to build an apparel service that suggested clothes suited to a user’s build and taste. Investor advice pushed the idea back and forth until it settled on a try-and-get-a-discount scheme aimed at women. With an angel investment all but agreed, Ogawa concluded that he did not have it in him to spend years running on someone else’s money, and closed the company down.

What the closure left him was a debt of $2,717 (¥300,000). Working part-time jobs to pay it off, he found himself asking why an application had to go by e-mail when an app could finish the whole thing. Write a résumé, travel to an interview, wait for the wage to be transferred later — counting those three frictions from the worker’s side became the blueprint for the next business. As the origin of a recruiting service it is unusual: it starts not from an employer’s hiring problem but from what the founder had been made to pay himself.

The company was renamed Timee in June 2018 and the spot-work service launched that August, with Ogawa building the first app himself and student friends supplying the earliest workers. Clients came from cold-calling restaurants, and the pitch he used there was “just the dishwashing over lunch” — not a day, not a half-day, but one task in the two busiest hours. The finer the slice, the more gaps a worker with no résumé and no interview can fill, and the job-board unit of “three days a week or more” comes apart before it is ever reached. Workers were drawn by same-day pay: a May 2018 patent covering payment received before the work, a June 2019 tie-up with Seven Bank for routine bank transfers, and a May 2019 patent handling the employment contract and clock-in/out through a QR code — the checks that had to fill the space left by the deleted résumé. Offices opened ahead of the registered-user numbers that would have justified them, because selling a task-by-task carve-out to small restaurants one shop at a time could never be done by phone and app alone.

By 2020 roughly 60% of listings were restaurant-related, which meant revenue rode directly on restaurant opening hours. When COVID-19 closed them, sales began falling in February and by April stood at a third of their pre-pandemic level; FY2020 revenue was $4.3M (¥461m) against an ordinary loss of $11.2M (¥1bn). The same concentration that had made a task-slicing pitch work so well in restaurants also fixed the size of the loss.

The answer was to change job categories rather than the business. Restaurant work fell from around 60% of listings to a few percent, and light warehouse work and delivery took its place; revenue was back at pre-pandemic levels within about a year, with FY2021 revenue of $11.8M (¥1bn), 2.8 times the prior year — though the ordinary loss widened to $12.6M (¥1bn) as the spending needed to capture growth landed ahead of the revenue. What made the swap possible was that the business had never been defined by an industry. Handing a short, unfamiliar task to an inexperienced worker and paying that same day worked identically in a kitchen and in a warehouse; from the handoff side, dishwashing and sorting are the same thing, and picking and packing are if anything easier to slice than prep and service. The design alone, however, would not have produced a destination: parcel volumes were surging and warehouses were short of hands at exactly that moment.

Growth on the new base was then financed from outside. In August 2021 Timee entered a capital and business alliance with Itochu covering sales support, and in September raised about $48.3M (¥5bn) — a $36.4M (¥4bn) third-party allotment plus borrowing. In October it recruited Moriyasu Isao, formerly president of DeNA, as chief operating officer: a company whose staff averaged around thirty took on a manager used to running a large corporation and a trading house’s sales network at the same time.

The funding mix drifted steadily toward debt. Timee raised $139.3M (¥18bn) in working capital in November 2022, and in September 2023 took $92.5M (¥13bn) in borrowings alone from Mizuho, MUFG and Resona, bringing cumulative funding since launch to about $286.8M (¥40bn) in five years. Spot work pays the worker the same day and collects from the client later, so the faster gross transaction value grows, the more cash the company must front. That weakness was precisely what made bank debt available: the swelling advance was evidence of growth, and growth in transaction value was a repayment story a lender could underwrite. In FY2022 operating cash flow was an outflow of $14.9M (¥2bn), covered by a financing inflow of $15.7M (¥2bn).

FY2022 was also the year the business crossed into profit: revenue of $47.3M (¥6bn) yielded an ordinary profit of only $875,390 (¥115m), but a company that had been losing around a billion yen a year was in the black. FY2023 then jumped to revenue of $114.9M (¥16bn) and operating profit of $13.9M (¥2bn), with headcount reaching 708. Because the model depends on area sales staff visiting clients, revenue growth tracks headcount growth almost step for step — and it was the turn to profit that made it possible to fund working capital from banks rather than from venture capital in the first place.

Timee listed on the TSE Growth Market on 26 July 2024. Against an offer price of $10 (¥1,450) the shares closed their first day at $11 (¥1,650), giving a market capitalisation of $1.0B (¥157bn) — the largest IPO of the year, six years after the service launched, with its founder aged twenty-seven. At listing there were 7.7 million registered workers and 254,000 client locations, and clients pay Timee a fee of roughly 30% of the wages they pay workers, so growth in transaction value converts directly into revenue. Ogawa kept just over 19% of the stock and was candid that he did not much mind the ratio, accepting that shareholders could one day remove him.

The listing and the arrival of the incumbents fell in the same year. Mercari entered spot work with Mercari Hallo in March 2024, Recruit was preparing its own service by the autumn, and Persol’s Shareful had been running since 2019; the market reached 17 million users by May 2024. Timee’s case for holding its ground rested on two administrative facts. Earning $581 (¥88,000) or more in a month at the same employer brings a worker into social insurance, so applications have to be blocked automatically — a function Timee had built into its payment system — and running several services at one site scatters labour administration worker by worker. Together those push each site to settle on a single service, which favours whoever covered all 47 prefectures first; about 600 of roughly 1,000 employees sat in area support, a deployment built up over five years. Ogawa conceded that the same reasoning reverses if a large rival puts enough people on the ground.

After listing, the company pushed outward from pure brokerage into the work on either side of it: Field Managers placed inside logistics sites (at one client, Timee came to cover about 45% of outsourced labour cost, and was advising on staffing and floor layout), long-term hiring support piloted across 40 companies and 270 sites, and a permanent-placement service whose “Timee résumé” carries work records and ratings instead of schooling and career history. In August 2025 it bought all the shares of Sukima Works, a contract operator of logistics warehouses — its first acquisition in eight years — so that a client asking it to “just run the whole thing” could be answered with a contract to perform the work rather than a brokerage. FY2025 closed with revenue of $229.1M (¥34bn), operating profit of $45.1M (¥7bn) and 1,268 employees, but a year-end market capitalisation of $1.0B (¥150bn), slightly below the first-day figure: revenue five times higher over three years, and a market pricing the durability of the growth rather than the growth.

The unfinished part is the legal one. In April 2026 nine workers across Tokyo and four neighbouring prefectures were reported to be preparing suit against the largest spot-work intermediary over shifts cancelled by clients just before the start date, with neither wages nor travel costs paid. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare had held in July 2024 that, absent specific terms, an employment contract may be taken to form when the worker applies, and operators rewrote their terms accordingly; the claims concern losses arising before those revisions. The problem sits on the other side of the very design that removed the résumé and the interview — screening removed makes it easy for both sides to commit, and just as easy for the client to withdraw. Separately, in December 2025 Timee moved its fiscal year-end from October to April, because closing work collided with the November–December peak of its clients’ business; the transitional six months to April 2026 produced operating profit of $24.1M (¥4bn), with revenue on a twelve-month equivalent basis of $245.5M (¥39bn), up 25.7%, and net profit alone short of plan after a $2.2M (¥350m) impairment on Needer, a Korean spot-work operator.