Japan's steel industry began modernizing with the government-run Yawata Steel Works in 1901 and led postwar reconstruction through priority production. Nippon Steel was formed in 1970, becoming the world's largest crude steel producer, but lost share rapidly to South Korea and China by the 2000s. Domestic consolidation continued with the formation of Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal (now Nippon Steel) in 2012. Nippon Steel's 2024 attempt to acquire U.S. Steel faced complications from U.S. government intervention. In non-ferrous metals, Sumitomo Metal Mining holds a global position in nickel refining and gold mining, while Mitsubishi Materials operates across cement, copper, and cemented carbide tools. Hydrogen-based steelmaking and the shift to electric arc furnaces are the industry's long-term challenges in the transition to a decarbonized society.
Established in 1970. Born from the merger of Yawata Steel and Fuji Steel as one of the world's largest steelmakers. Through repeated rationalization programs, the company reorganized its domestic production system, and has led global steel industry consolidation through the integration with Sumitomo Metals and the planned acquisition of U.S. Steel.
Established in 1892. Originating from the smelting division of Mitsui Mining, the company grew on zinc and lead from the Kamioka Mine. After itai-itai disease compensation, it shifted to electronic materials and copper foil, and expanded into automotive parts. It has transformed from a resource company into an advanced materials manufacturer.
Established in 1918. Starting as Mitsubishi Mining, the company diversified into non-ferrous metals, cement, and cemented carbide tools. The merger with Mitsubishi Mining & Cement created a comprehensive materials manufacturer. Having given birth to SUMCO (silicon wafers), the company continues to reshape its business portfolio.
Established in 1927. Originating from the Sumitomo Besshi Mine, the company expanded from the Besshi Copper Mine into domestic and overseas mine development and smelting. Securing resources through the Hishikari Gold Mine and the Morenci Copper Mine, it also entered electronic metals and functional materials as a comprehensive non-ferrous metals manufacturer.
Founded in 1884. Fujita-gumi acquired the Kosaka Mine and entered the smelting business. Postwar, the company shifted to electronic materials and environmental recycling. Under President Yoshikawa's leadership, concentrated investment was directed toward the recycling business, transforming the company from a mining company into an environmental and recycling enterprise.