Financials

Nippon Paint Holdings: FYE Dec 2025 and ten years of results (48 metrics)

FYE Dec 2025 · Revenue¥1.77tnYoY +8.3%

FYE Dec 2025 · Operating profit¥257bnYoY +38.1%

FYE Dec 2025 · Net profit¥180bnYoY +42.8%

FYE Dec 2025 · Equity ratio44.4%YoY −6.8pp

FYE Dec 2025 · Group employees38,481YoY −81

Fiscal year	Revenue	YoY	Operating profit	YoY	Margin	Net profit	Chief executive	That year
FYE Dec 2016Consolidated	¥470bn	n/a	¥72bn	n/a	15.4%	¥35bn	Tando Tetsushi	—
FYE Dec 2017Consolidated	¥605bn	+28.7%	¥75bn	+3.4%	12.4%	¥37bn	Tando Tetsushi	Dunn-Edwards acquired for about ¥68.7bn
FYE Dec 2018Consolidated	¥628bn	+3.7%	¥87bn	+15.5%	13.8%	¥34bn	Tando Tetsushi	Wuthelam takes a majority of the board
FYE Dec 2019Consolidated	¥692bn	+10.3%	¥78bn	−9.8%	11.3%	¥37bn	Tando Tetsushi	Dulux acquired for about ¥300bn
FYE Dec 2020Consolidated	¥773bn	+11.6%	¥88bn	+12.2%	11.3%	¥44bn	Tando Tetsushi	—
FYE Dec 2021Consolidated	¥998bn	+29.2%	¥88bn	+0.0%	8.8%	¥68bn	Tanaka Masaaki	Wuthelam subscribes the share issue; Asian ventures wholly acquired
FYE Dec 2022Consolidated	¥1.31tn	+31.1%	¥112bn	+27.7%	8.5%	¥79bn	Wee Siew Kim	Cromology Holding acquired for ¥150.6bn
FYE Dec 2023Consolidated	¥1.44tn	+10.2%	¥169bn	+50.8%	11.7%	¥118bn	Wee Siew Kim	—
FYE Dec 2024Consolidated	¥1.64tn	+13.6%	¥186bn	+10.3%	11.4%	¥126bn	Wee Siew Kim	—
FYE Dec 2025Consolidated	¥1.77tn	+8.3%	¥257bn	+38.1%	14.5%	¥180bn	Wee Siew Kim	—

How it compares

Nippon Paint Holdings¥1.77tnFY2025Operating margin 14.5%

DIC Corporation¥1.05tnFY2025Operating margin 5.0%Kansai Paint¥590bnFY2025Operating margin 8.4%

artience Co., Ltd.¥350bnFY2025Operating margin 5.9%

CHUGOKU MARINE PAINTS, LTD.¥139bnFY2025Operating margin 12.5%

SK Kaken¥110bnFY2025Operating margin 11.1%

Income statement Revenue, costs, each level of profit and the margins they leave

Where the revenue goes

¥ bn

Cost of sales SG&A Other operating costs Operating profit

Margins

Gross margin Operating margin Ordinary margin Net margin

Revenue net sales, operating revenue

FYE Dec 2025 ¥1.77tn

CAGR · 10 yrs +15.9%

Fiscal year	Revenue ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	470	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	605	+28.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	628	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	692	+10.3%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	773	+11.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	998	+29.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	1,309	+31.1%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	1,443	+10.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	1,639	+13.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	1,774	+8.3%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Everything the company took in from its own business
Formula: Revenue line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Cost of sales

FYE Dec 2025 ¥1.02tn

CAGR · 10 yrs +16.2%

Fiscal year	Cost of sales ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	265	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	360	+35.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	386	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	416	+8.0%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	451	+8.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	620	+37.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	821	+32.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	866	+5.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	981	+13.3%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	1,024	+4.4%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: The cost of what was sold
Formula: Cost of sales line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Gross profit

FYE Dec 2025 ¥750bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +15.5%

Fiscal year	Gross profit ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	205	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	245	+19.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	242	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	276	+13.8%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	321	+16.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	378	+17.8%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	488	+28.9%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	576	+18.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	657	+14.1%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	750	+14.1%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: What the product or service itself earns
Formula: Revenue − cost of sales
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

SG&A selling, general and administrative expenses

FYE Dec 2025 ¥503bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +16.0%

Fiscal year	SG&A ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	132	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	170	+28.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	164	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	190	+16.0%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	235	+23.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	294	+25.0%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	383	+30.3%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	420	+9.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	481	+14.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	503	+4.4%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: The cost of selling and of running the company
Formula: SG&A line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Operating profit

FYE Dec 2025 ¥257bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +15.1%

Fiscal year	Operating profit ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	72.5	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	75.0	+3.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	86.5	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	78.1	−9.8%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	87.6	+12.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	87.6	−0.0%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	112	+27.7%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	169	+50.8%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	186	+10.3%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	257	+38.1%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: What the core business earns
Formula: Gross profit − SG&A
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Non-operating income

FYE Dec 2025 ¥18bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +10.7%

Fiscal year	Non-operating income ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	7.1	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	7.0	−1.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	4.4	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	5.7	+29.7%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	6.2	+7.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	4.2	−31.9%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	5.0	+18.9%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	7.0	+39.1%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	11.1	+59.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	17.8	+60.4%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Income from outside the core business
Formula: Non-operating income line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Non-operating expenses

FYE Dec 2025 ¥27bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +30.6%

Fiscal year	Non-operating expenses ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	2.5	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	5.1	+109.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	3.1	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	5.7	+82.8%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	6.0	+4.3%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	5.9	−0.7%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	11.8	+99.0%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	14.4	+21.9%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	19.8	+37.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	27.1	+37.2%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Costs arising outside the core business
Formula: Non-operating expenses line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Net profit profit attributable to owners of the parent

FYE Dec 2025 ¥180bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +20.0%

Fiscal year	Net profit ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	34.8	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	37.1	+6.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	34.2	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	36.7	+7.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	43.9	+19.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	67.6	+53.8%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	79.4	+17.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	118	+49.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	126	+6.3%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	180	+42.8%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: What is left after tax
Formula: Pre-tax profit − income taxes
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Gross margin

FYE Dec 2025 42.3%

Average · 10 yrs 40.2%

Fiscal year	Gross margin %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	43.6	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	40.5	−3.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	38.6	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	39.8	+1.3pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	41.6	+1.7pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	37.9	−3.7pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	37.2	−0.7pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	39.9	+2.7pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	40.1	+0.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	42.3	+2.2pp	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: The share of revenue left after the cost of sales
Formula: Gross profit ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Operating margin

FYE Dec 2025 14.5%

Average · 10 yrs 11.9%

Fiscal year	Operating margin %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	15.4	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	12.4	−3.0pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	13.8	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	11.3	−2.5pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	11.3	+0.1pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	8.8	−2.6pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	8.5	−0.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	11.7	+3.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	11.4	−0.3pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	14.5	+3.1pp	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: The share of revenue the core business keeps
Formula: Operating profit ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Net margin

FYE Dec 2025 10.1%

Average · 10 yrs 6.9%

Fiscal year	Net margin %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	7.4	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	6.1	−1.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	5.4	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	5.3	−0.1pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	5.7	+0.4pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	6.8	+1.1pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	6.1	−0.7pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	8.2	+2.1pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	7.7	−0.5pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	10.1	+2.5pp	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: The share of revenue left after everything
Formula: Net profit ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Cost-of-sales ratio

FYE Dec 2025 57.7%

Average · 10 yrs 59.8%

Fiscal year	Cost-of-sales ratio %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	56.4	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	59.5	+3.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	61.4	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	60.2	−1.3pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	58.4	−1.7pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	62.1	+3.7pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	62.8	+0.7pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	60.1	−2.7pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	59.9	−0.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	57.7	−2.2pp	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: The share of revenue taken by the cost of sales
Formula: Cost of sales ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

SG&A ratio

FYE Dec 2025 28.3%

Average · 10 yrs 28.6%

Fiscal year	SG&A ratio %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	28.2	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	28.1	−0.0pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	26.2	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	27.5	+1.4pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	30.5	+3.0pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	29.5	−1.0pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	29.3	−0.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	29.1	−0.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	29.4	+0.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	28.3	−1.0pp	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: The share of revenue taken by selling and administrative costs
Formula: SG&A ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Balance sheet Assets, debt and equity, and what they say about financial strength

What the balance sheet is made of

¥ bn

Equity Liabilities and non-controlling interests

Financial strength

Equity ratio Debt-to-equity

Total assets

FYE Dec 2025 ¥4.02tn

CAGR · 10 yrs +19.2%

Fiscal year	Total assets ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	828	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	921	+11.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	936	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	1,479	+58.0%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	1,615	+9.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	1,955	+21.1%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	2,442	+24.9%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	2,713	+11.1%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	3,069	+13.1%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	4,018	+30.9%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Everything the company holds
Formula: Total assets line of the balance sheet
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Equity net assets, shareholders' equity

FYE Dec 2025 ¥1.78tn

CAGR · 10 yrs +15.9%

Fiscal year	Equity ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	473	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	504	+6.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	501	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	418	−16.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	436	+4.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	950	+117.9%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	1,142	+20.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	1,349	+18.1%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	1,572	+16.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	1,785	+13.6%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: The part of the funding that never has to be repaid
Formula: Net assets line of the balance sheet
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Interest-bearing debt

FYE Dec 2025 ¥1.42tn

CAGR · 10 yrs +51.9%

Fiscal year	Interest-bearing debt ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	33.0	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	50.0	+51.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	89.5	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	442	+394.3%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	536	+21.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	523	−2.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	722	+38.1%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	740	+2.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	760	+2.7%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	1,422	+87.1%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Borrowings the company pays interest on
Formula: Loans + bonds + lease obligations
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Short-term borrowings

FYE Dec 2025 ¥124bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +17.3%

Fiscal year	Short-term borrowings ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	29.5	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	18.3	−38.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	51.6	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	384	+644.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	68.1	−82.3%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	65.1	−4.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	96.0	+47.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	56.0	−41.7%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	146	+161.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	124	−15.2%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Borrowings repayable within a year
Formula: Short-term borrowings line of the balance sheet
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Long-term borrowings

FYE Dec 2025 ¥1.30tn

CAGR · 10 yrs +88.1%

Fiscal year	Long-term borrowings ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	4.4	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	38.8	+781.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	37.9	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	58.1	+53.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	468	+704.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	458	−2.1%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	626	+36.7%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	684	+9.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	614	−10.3%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	1,298	+111.5%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Borrowings repayable in more than a year
Formula: Long-term borrowings line of the balance sheet
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Bonds

FYE Dec 2025 ¥0.0m

Average · 10 yrs ¥0.0m

Fiscal year	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	n/a	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Bonds outstanding
Formula: Bonds line of the balance sheet
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Intangible assets

FYE Dec 2025 n/a

CAGR · 4 yrs −3.6%

Fiscal year	Intangible assets ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	258	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	313	+21.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	95.5	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	231	+141.9%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	n/a	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	n/a	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	n/a	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	n/a	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	n/a	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	n/a	n/a	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Assets with no physical form
Formula: Intangible assets line of the balance sheet
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Goodwill

FYE Dec 2025 ¥1.47tn

CAGR · 10 yrs +27.4%

Fiscal year	Goodwill ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	166	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	197	+18.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	204	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	427	+109.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	424	−0.7%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	653	+53.9%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	826	+26.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	898	+8.7%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	969	+7.9%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	1,469	+51.6%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: What an acquisition cost above the net assets it brought
Formula: Goodwill line of the balance sheet
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Equity ratio

FYE Dec 2025 44.4%

Average · 10 yrs 46.2%

Fiscal year	Equity ratio %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	57.2	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	54.8	−2.4pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	53.5	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	28.3	−25.3pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	27.0	−1.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	48.6	+21.6pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	46.8	−1.8pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	49.7	+2.9pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	51.2	+1.5pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	44.4	−6.8pp	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: How much of the balance sheet is funded without debt
Formula: Equity ÷ total assets
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Debt-to-equity ratio D/E ratio

FYE Dec 2025 79.7%

Average · 10 yrs 56.5%

Fiscal year	Debt-to-equity ratio %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	7.0	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	9.9	+2.9pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	17.9	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	105.8	+88.0pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	122.8	+17.0pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	55.0	−67.8pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	63.2	+8.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	54.9	−8.4pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	48.4	−6.5pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	79.7	+31.3pp	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Borrowings measured against the company's own capital
Formula: Interest-bearing debt ÷ equity
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

ROE return on equity

FYE Dec 2025 10.1%

Average · 10 yrs 8.1%

Fiscal year	ROE %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	7.3	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	7.4	−0.0pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	6.8	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	8.8	+2.0pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	10.1	+1.3pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	7.1	−3.0pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	7.0	−0.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	8.8	+1.8pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	8.0	−0.8pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	10.1	+2.1pp	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: What the shareholders' capital earns
Formula: Net profit ÷ equity
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

ROA return on assets

FYE Dec 2025 4.5%

Average · 10 yrs 3.7%

Fiscal year	ROA %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	4.2	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	4.0	−0.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	3.7	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	2.5	−1.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	2.7	+0.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	3.5	+0.7pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	3.3	−0.2pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	4.4	+1.1pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	4.1	−0.3pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	4.5	+0.4pp	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: What the whole balance sheet earns
Formula: Net profit ÷ total assets
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Asset turnover

FYE Dec 2025 0.44×

CAGR · 10 yrs −2.8%

Fiscal year	Asset turnover ×	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	0.57	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	0.66	+15.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	0.67	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	0.47	−30.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	0.48	+2.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	0.51	+6.7%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	0.54	+5.0%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	0.53	−0.8%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	0.53	+0.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	0.44	−17.3%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: How much revenue each yen of assets produces
Formula: Revenue ÷ total assets
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Cash flow statement Cash from operations, investment and financing, and what is left on hand

The three cash flows

¥ bn

Operating CF Investing CF Financing CF

Cash against debt

¥ bn

Cash and equivalents Interest-bearing debt Net cash

Operating cash flow

FYE Dec 2025 ¥188bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +10.3%

Fiscal year	Operating cash flow ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	77.9	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	79.3	+1.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	59.2	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	92.1	+55.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	87.6	−4.8%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	67.4	−23.1%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	112	+66.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	190	+68.9%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	167	−11.8%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	188	+12.0%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Cash the business itself generated
Formula: Cash flow from operating activities
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Investing cash flow

FYE Dec 2025 -¥322bn

Average · 10 yrs -¥142bn

Fiscal year	Investing cash flow ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	-42.7	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	-101	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	-37.4	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	-353	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	-35.4	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	-102	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	-165	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	-116	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	-148	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	-322	n/a	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Cash spent on, or released by, investment
Formula: Cash flow from investing activities
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Financing cash flow

FYE Dec 2025 ¥255bn

Average · 10 yrs ¥57bn

Fiscal year	Financing cash flow ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	-8.6	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	-11.4	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	8.6	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	254	+2842.7%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	60.9	−76.0%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	-62.3	−202.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	146	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	-38.7	−126.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	-37.4	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	255	n/a	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Cash raised from, or returned to, lenders and shareholders
Formula: Cash flow from financing activities
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Cash and equivalents

FYE Dec 2025 ¥424bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +13.6%

Fiscal year	Cash and equivalents ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	135	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	101	−25.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	128	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	123	−4.0%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	232	+88.3%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	139	−40.2%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	243	+74.8%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	290	+19.4%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	288	−0.5%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	424	+47.2%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Cash on hand at the year end
Formula: Closing balance in the cash flow statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Free cash flow

FYE Dec 2025 -¥134bn

Average · 10 yrs -¥30bn

Fiscal year	FCF ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	35.2	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	-21.4	−160.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	21.8	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	-261	−1294.6%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	52.2	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	-34.9	−166.9%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	-52.8	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	73.8	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	19.3	−73.8%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	-134	−796.9%	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: What is left once the business has paid for its own investment
Formula: Operating cash flow + investing cash flow
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Operating cash flow margin

FYE Dec 2025 10.6%

Average · 10 yrs 11.3%

Fiscal year	OCF margin %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	16.6	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	13.1	−3.5pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	9.4	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	13.3	+3.9pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	11.3	−2.0pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	6.8	−4.6pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	8.6	+1.8pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	13.2	+4.6pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	10.2	−2.9pp	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	10.6	+0.4pp	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: How much of the revenue turned into cash
Formula: Operating cash flow ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Net cash

FYE Dec 2025 -¥998bn

Average · 10 yrs -¥321bn

Fiscal year	Net cash ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	102	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	50.5	−50.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	39.0	moved to IFRS	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	-319	−918.1%	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	-304	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	-384	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	-479	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	-450	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	-472	n/a	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	-998	n/a	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Cash on hand once the borrowings are paid off
Formula: Cash and equivalents − interest-bearing debt
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Shares and share price Shares outstanding, price, market capitalisation and the valuation multiples

Market capitalisation

FYE Dec 2025 ¥2.49tn

Change · 10 yrs +¥1.45tn

Fiscal year	Market capitalisation ¥ bn	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	1,036	n/a
FYE Dec 2017	929	n/a
FYE Dec 2018	979	n/a
FYE Dec 2019	1,837	n/a
FYE Dec 2020	3,689	n/a
FYE Dec 2021	2,970	n/a
FYE Dec 2022	2,461	n/a
FYE Dec 2023	2,703	n/a
FYE Dec 2024	2,427	n/a
FYE Dec 2025	2,490	n/a

Definition: What the market says the company is worth
Formula: Year-end share price × shares outstanding
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Share price year-end close

FYE Dec 2025 1,050¥

Change · 10 yrs −2,135¥

Fiscal year	Share price ¥	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	3,185	n/a
FYE Dec 2017	2,854	n/a
FYE Dec 2018	3,009	n/a
FYE Dec 2019	5,645	n/a
FYE Dec 2020	11,335	n/a
FYE Dec 2021	1,253	n/a
FYE Dec 2022	1,038	n/a
FYE Dec 2023	1,140	n/a
FYE Dec 2024	1,024	n/a
FYE Dec 2025	1,050	n/a

Definition: The closing price on the last day of the fiscal year
Formula: Year-end closing price
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Shares outstanding

FYE Dec 2025 2,370,512,000shares

Change · 10 yrs +2,045,110,000 shares

Fiscal year	Shares outstanding shares	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	325,402,000	Parent
FYE Dec 2017	325,402,000	Parent
FYE Dec 2018	325,402,000	Parent
FYE Dec 2019	325,402,000	Parent
FYE Dec 2020	325,402,000	Parent
FYE Dec 2021	2,370,512,000	Parent
FYE Dec 2022	2,370,512,000	Parent
FYE Dec 2023	2,370,512,000	Parent
FYE Dec 2024	2,370,512,000	Parent
FYE Dec 2025	2,370,512,000	Parent

Definition: How many shares exist
Formula: Shares issued, from the key figures of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

EPS earnings per share

FYE Dec 2025 76.66¥

Change · 10 yrs −31.82¥

Fiscal year	EPS ¥	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	108.48	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	30.75	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	28.28	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	22.90	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	27.38	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	29.41	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	33.82	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	50.45	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	53.60	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	76.66	Cons.

Definition: Net profit for each share
Formula: Net profit ÷ average shares outstanding
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

BPS book value per share

FYE Dec 2025 752.85¥

Change · 10 yrs −702.03¥

Fiscal year	BPS ¥	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	1,454.89	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	1,550.31	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	1,540.24	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2019	1,284.15	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2020	1,340.46	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2021	400.90	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2022	481.88	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2023	568.87	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2024	662.98	Cons. · IFRS
FYE Dec 2025	752.85	Cons. · IFRS

Definition: Equity behind each share
Formula: Equity ÷ shares outstanding
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

PER price-to-earnings ratio

FYE Dec 2025 13.70×

Average · 10 yrs 34.00×

Fiscal year	PER ×	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	29.36	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	23.20	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	26.60	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	49.30	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	82.80	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	42.60	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	30.70	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	22.60	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	19.10	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	13.70	Cons.

Definition: How many years of earnings the price stands for
Formula: Year-end price ÷ EPS
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

PBR price-to-book ratio

FYE Dec 2025 1.36×

Average · 10 yrs 2.65×

Fiscal year	PBR ×	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	2.18	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	2.24	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	2.32	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	3.27	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	6.41	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	3.07	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	2.12	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	1.97	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	1.51	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	1.36	Cons.

Definition: The price measured against the book value behind it
Formula: Year-end price ÷ BPS
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Workforce and productivity Headcount, pay and what each employee accounts for

Group employees

FYE Dec 2025 38,481people

Change · 10 yrs +21,609 people

Fiscal year	Group employees people	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	16,872	n/a	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	20,257	+20.1%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	20,244	−0.1%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	25,970	+28.3%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	27,318	+5.2%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	30,247	+10.7%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	33,763	+11.6%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	34,393	+1.9%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	38,562	+12.1%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	38,481	−0.2%	Cons.

Definition: Everyone employed across the group
Formula: Consolidated headcount, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Parent-company employees

FYE Dec 2025 49people

Change · 10 yrs −175 people

Fiscal year	Parent-company employees people	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	224	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2017	230	+2.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2018	210	−8.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2019	243	+15.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2020	342	+40.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2021	404	+18.1%	Parent
FYE Dec 2022	51	−87.4%	Parent
FYE Dec 2023	54	+5.9%	Parent
FYE Dec 2024	50	−7.4%	Parent
FYE Dec 2025	49	−2.0%	Parent

Definition: Employees of the filing company itself
Formula: Parent-only headcount, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Average annual pay parent company

FYE Dec 2025 ¥10.4m

Change · 10 yrs +¥2.4m

Fiscal year	Average annual pay ¥ m	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	8.1	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2017	7.8	−3.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2018	8.1	+3.6%	Parent
FYE Dec 2019	7.8	−3.6%	Parent
FYE Dec 2020	8.3	+7.1%	Parent
FYE Dec 2021	9.0	+7.9%	Parent
FYE Dec 2022	10.7	+19.4%	Parent
FYE Dec 2023	9.8	−8.9%	Parent
FYE Dec 2024	10.8	+10.9%	Parent
FYE Dec 2025	10.4	−3.6%	Parent

Definition: Average total annual compensation, bonuses included
Formula: Average annual pay, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Average age

FYE Dec 2025 42.6years

Change · 7 yrs −0.4 years

Fiscal year	Average age years	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2017	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2018	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2019	43.0	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2020	42.7	−0.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2021	43.6	+2.1%	Parent
FYE Dec 2022	41.1	−5.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2023	41.8	+1.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2024	42.4	+1.4%	Parent
FYE Dec 2025	42.6	+0.5%	Parent

Definition: Average age of the parent company's employees
Formula: Average age, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Average length of service

FYE Dec 2025 11.3years

Change · 10 yrs −5.0 years

Fiscal year	Average length of service years	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	16.3	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2017	15.6	−4.3%	Parent
FYE Dec 2018	16.2	+3.8%	Parent
FYE Dec 2019	14.6	−9.9%	Parent
FYE Dec 2020	13.4	−8.2%	Parent
FYE Dec 2021	11.6	−13.4%	Parent
FYE Dec 2022	8.5	−26.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2023	10.6	+24.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2024	10.8	+1.9%	Parent
FYE Dec 2025	11.3	+4.6%	Parent

Definition: How long the average employee has been with the company
Formula: Average years of service, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Temporary employees

FYE Dec 2025 9,528people

Change · 5 yrs +2,685 people

Fiscal year	Temporary employees people	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	n/a	n/a	n/a
FYE Dec 2017	n/a	n/a	n/a
FYE Dec 2018	n/a	n/a	n/a
FYE Dec 2019	n/a	n/a	n/a
FYE Dec 2020	n/a	n/a	n/a
FYE Dec 2021	6,843	n/a	n/a
FYE Dec 2022	7,367	+7.7%	n/a
FYE Dec 2023	8,030	+9.0%	n/a
FYE Dec 2024	9,095	+13.3%	n/a
FYE Dec 2025	9,528	+4.8%	n/a

Definition: Average number of temporary and part-time staff over the year
Formula: Average temporary headcount, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Revenue per employee

FYE Dec 2025 ¥46.1m

Change · 10 yrs +¥18.2m

Fiscal year	Revenue per employee ¥ m	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	27.9	n/a	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	29.9	+7.2%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	31.0	n/a	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	26.6	−14.1%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	28.3	+6.1%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	33.0	+16.7%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	38.8	+17.5%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	41.9	+8.2%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	42.5	+1.3%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	46.1	+8.5%	Cons.

Definition: What each employee accounts for in revenue
Formula: Revenue ÷ group employees
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Operating profit per employee

FYE Dec 2025 ¥6.7m

Change · 10 yrs +¥2.4m

Fiscal year	OP per employee ¥ m	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	4.3	n/a	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	3.7	−13.9%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	4.3	n/a	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	3.0	−29.7%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	3.2	+6.7%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	2.9	−9.7%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	3.3	+14.4%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	4.9	+48.1%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	4.8	−1.6%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	6.7	+38.4%	Cons.

Definition: What each employee accounts for in operating profit
Formula: Operating profit ÷ group employees
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Disclaimer

Figures are reproduced as filed and are not restated: a change of accounting standard or of consolidation basis moves the series without anything happening to the business. Where that happened, the table says so in place of the year-on-year figure.
Ratios and per-employee figures are computed from the filed lines rather than taken from the filing, and use year-end balances rather than averages.

Accuracy, liability, reuse and privacy — the full disclaimer →

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