Financials

Dentsu Soken: FYE Dec 2025 and ten years of results (46 metrics)

FYE Dec 2025 · Revenue¥165bnYoY +8.0%

FYE Dec 2025 · Operating profit¥23bnYoY +8.8%

FYE Dec 2025 · Net profit¥16bnYoY +8.3%

FYE Dec 2025 · Equity ratio60.7%YoY −1.2pp

FYE Dec 2025 · Group employees4,618YoY +205

Fiscal year	Revenue	YoY	Operating profit	YoY	Margin	Net profit	Chief executive	That year
FYE Dec 2016Consolidated	¥80bn	n/a	¥6.5bn	n/a	8.1%	¥4.6bn	Kamai Setsuo	Operating margin reaches 8.1%
FYE Dec 2017Consolidated	¥83bn	+4.6%	¥5.5bn	−15.4%	6.6%	¥4.4bn	Kamai Setsuo	—
FYE Dec 2018Consolidated	¥91bn	+9.1%	¥8.2bn	+50.1%	9.1%	¥5.2bn	Kamai Setsuo	—
FYE Dec 2019Consolidated	¥101bn	+10.6%	¥10bn	+22.3%	10.0%	¥6.2bn	Kamai Setsuo	¥100.7bn revenue, ¥10.1bn operating profit
FYE Dec 2020Consolidated	¥109bn	+7.9%	¥12bn	+21.0%	11.2%	¥7.4bn	Nawa Ryoichi	—
FYE Dec 2021Consolidated	¥112bn	+3.1%	¥14bn	+12.7%	12.3%	¥8.9bn	Nawa Ryoichi	—
FYE Dec 2022Consolidated	¥129bn	+15.1%	¥19bn	+35.3%	14.4%	¥13bn	Nawa Ryoichi	Moves to the TSE Prime market; ¥129.1bn revenue
FYE Dec 2023Consolidated	¥143bn	+10.5%	¥21bn	+13.1%	14.7%	¥15bn	Nawa Ryoichi	—
FYE Dec 2024Consolidated	¥153bn	+7.0%	¥21bn	+0.1%	13.8%	¥15bn	Nawa Ryoichi	Renamed Dentsu Soken; Mitsue-Links acquired
FYE Dec 2025Consolidated	¥165bn	+8.0%	¥23bn	+8.8%	13.9%	¥16bn	Iwamoto Hirohisa	Record year: ¥164.8bn revenue, ¥22.8bn operating profit

How it compares

NTT DATA GroupDelisted 2025

Fujitsu¥3.50tnFY2025Operating margin 9.9%

IBM Japan, Ltd.¥832bnFY2025Operating margin 5.5%

Nomura Research Institute¥815bnFY2025Operating margin 7.2%

SCSK CorporationDelisted 2026

TIS¥596bnFY2025Operating margin 12.8%BIPROGY¥434bnFY2025Operating margin 9.8%NS Solutions¥381bnFY2025Operating margin 11.6%

FujisofutoDelisted 2025

Nihonbijinesushisutemuzu¥173bnFY2025Operating margin 4.4%

Dentsu Soken¥165bnFY2025Operating margin 13.9%

Income statement Revenue, costs, each level of profit and the margins they leave

Where the revenue goes

¥ bn

Cost of sales SG&A Operating profit

Margins

Gross margin Operating margin Ordinary margin Net margin

Revenue net sales, operating revenue

FYE Dec 2025 ¥165bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +8.4%

Fiscal year	Revenue ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	79.8	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	83.4	+4.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	91.0	+9.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	101	+10.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	109	+7.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	112	+3.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	129	+15.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	143	+10.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	153	+7.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	165	+8.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: Everything the company took in from its own business
Formula: Revenue line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Cost of sales

FYE Dec 2025 ¥104bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +7.7%

Fiscal year	Cost of sales ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	53.7	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	57.7	+7.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	60.9	+5.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	67.3	+10.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	71.2	+5.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	72.1	+1.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	82.3	+14.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	90.8	+10.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	96.5	+6.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	104	+8.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: The cost of what was sold
Formula: Cost of sales line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Gross profit

FYE Dec 2025 ¥60bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +9.8%

Fiscal year	Gross profit ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	26.1	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	25.7	−1.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	30.1	+17.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	33.4	+10.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	37.5	+12.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	40.0	+6.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	46.8	+16.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	51.8	+10.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	56.1	+8.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	60.4	+7.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: What the product or service itself earns
Formula: Revenue − cost of sales
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

SG&A selling, general and administrative expenses

FYE Dec 2025 ¥37bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +7.4%

Fiscal year	SG&A ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	19.6	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	20.2	+3.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	21.9	+8.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	23.3	+6.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	25.3	+8.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	26.3	+3.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	28.2	+7.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	30.8	+9.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	35.1	+14.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	37.5	+6.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: The cost of selling and of running the company
Formula: SG&A line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Operating profit

FYE Dec 2025 ¥23bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +15.0%

Fiscal year	Operating profit ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	6.5	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	5.5	−15.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	8.2	+50.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	10.1	+22.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	12.2	+21.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	13.7	+12.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	18.6	+35.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	21.0	+13.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	21.0	+0.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	22.9	+8.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: What the core business earns
Formula: Gross profit − SG&A
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Non-operating income

FYE Dec 2025 ¥783m

CAGR · 10 yrs +12.6%

Fiscal year	Non-operating income ¥ m	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	269	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	258	−4.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	155	−39.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	151	−2.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	241	+59.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	230	−4.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	188	−18.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	267	+42.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	318	+19.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	783	+146.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: Income from outside the core business
Formula: Non-operating income line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Non-operating expenses

FYE Dec 2025 ¥53.0m

CAGR · 10 yrs −0.0%

Fiscal year	Non-operating expenses ¥ m	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	53.0	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	104	+96.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	198	+90.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	579	+192.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	928	+60.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	742	−20.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	424	−42.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	51.0	−88.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	264	+417.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	53.0	−79.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: Costs arising outside the core business
Formula: Non-operating expenses line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Ordinary profit keijo rieki

FYE Dec 2025 ¥24bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +15.0%

Fiscal year	Ordinary profit ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	6.7	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	5.6	−15.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	8.2	+45.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	9.6	+17.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	11.5	+19.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	13.2	+15.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	18.4	+38.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	21.2	+15.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	21.1	−0.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	23.6	+12.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: A level of profit that exists only under Japanese GAAP
Formula: Operating profit + non-operating income − non-operating expenses
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Extraordinary income

FYE Dec 2025 n/a

CAGR · 8 yrs +3.3%

Fiscal year	Extraordinary income ¥ m	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	259	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	657	+153.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	185	−71.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	265	+43.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	38.0	−85.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	374	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	135	−63.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	326	+141.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: One-off gains, such as an asset sale
Formula: Extraordinary income line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Extraordinary loss

FYE Dec 2025 ¥0.0bn

CAGR · 5 yrs −62.8%

Fiscal year	Extraordinary loss ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	0.7	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	0.6	−19.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	0.1	−91.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	1.1	+1934.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	0.0	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: One-off losses, such as an impairment or a restructuring charge
Formula: Extraordinary loss line of the income statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Net profit profit attributable to owners of the parent

FYE Dec 2025 ¥16bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +15.2%

Fiscal year	Net profit ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	4.6	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	4.4	−3.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	5.2	+16.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	6.2	+20.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	7.4	+18.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	8.9	+21.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	12.6	+40.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	14.7	+16.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	15.1	+3.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	16.4	+8.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: What is left after tax
Formula: Pre-tax profit − income taxes
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Gross margin

FYE Dec 2025 36.6%

Average · 10 yrs 34.6%

Fiscal year	Gross margin %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	32.7	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	30.8	−1.9pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	33.1	+2.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	33.2	+0.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	34.5	+1.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	35.7	+1.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	36.3	+0.6pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	36.3	+0.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	36.8	+0.5pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	36.6	−0.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: The share of revenue left after the cost of sales
Formula: Gross profit ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Operating margin

FYE Dec 2025 13.9%

Average · 10 yrs 11.4%

Fiscal year	Operating margin %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	8.1	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	6.6	−1.6pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	9.1	+2.5pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	10.0	+1.0pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	11.2	+1.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	12.3	+1.0pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	14.4	+2.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	14.7	+0.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	13.8	−1.0pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	13.9	+0.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: The share of revenue the core business keeps
Formula: Operating profit ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Ordinary margin

FYE Dec 2025 14.3%

Average · 10 yrs 11.3%

Fiscal year	Ordinary margin %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	8.4	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	6.8	−1.6pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	9.0	+2.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	9.6	+0.6pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	10.6	+1.0pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	11.8	+1.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	14.2	+2.4pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	14.9	+0.7pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	13.8	−1.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	14.3	+0.5pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: The share of revenue left at the ordinary-profit line
Formula: Ordinary profit ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Net margin

FYE Dec 2025 9.9%

Average · 10 yrs 7.8%

Fiscal year	Net margin %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	5.7	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	5.3	−0.4pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	5.7	+0.4pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	6.2	+0.5pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	6.8	+0.6pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	8.0	+1.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	9.8	+1.8pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	10.3	+0.5pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	9.9	−0.4pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	9.9	−0.0pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: The share of revenue left after everything
Formula: Net profit ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Cost-of-sales ratio

FYE Dec 2025 63.4%

Average · 10 yrs 65.4%

Fiscal year	Cost-of-sales ratio %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	67.3	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	69.2	+1.9pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	66.9	−2.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	66.8	−0.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	65.5	−1.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	64.3	−1.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	63.7	−0.6pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	63.7	−0.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	63.2	−0.5pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	63.4	+0.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: The share of revenue taken by the cost of sales
Formula: Cost of sales ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

SG&A ratio

FYE Dec 2025 22.7%

Average · 10 yrs 23.2%

Fiscal year	SG&A ratio %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	24.6	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	24.2	−0.4pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	24.0	−0.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	23.2	−0.9pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	23.3	+0.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	23.4	+0.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	21.8	−1.6pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	21.6	−0.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	23.0	+1.4pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	22.7	−0.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: The share of revenue taken by selling and administrative costs
Formula: SG&A ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Balance sheet Assets, debt and equity, and what they say about financial strength

What the balance sheet is made of

¥ bn

Equity Liabilities and non-controlling interests

Financial strength

Equity ratio

Total assets

FYE Dec 2025 ¥165bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +10.7%

Fiscal year	Total assets ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	66.3	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	72.0	+8.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	80.3	+11.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	87.3	+8.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	97.1	+11.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	108	+11.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	122	+12.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	133	+9.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	147	+10.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	165	+12.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: Everything the company holds
Formula: Total assets line of the balance sheet
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Equity net assets, shareholders' equity

FYE Dec 2025 ¥100bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +9.3%

Fiscal year	Equity ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	45.0	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	47.8	+6.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	50.9	+6.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	54.9	+7.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	59.6	+8.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	65.5	+9.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	73.8	+12.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	83.0	+12.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	91.2	+9.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	100	+9.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: The part of the funding that never has to be repaid
Formula: Net assets line of the balance sheet
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Intangible assets

FYE Dec 2025 ¥14bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +18.3%

Fiscal year	Intangible assets ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	3.0	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	2.8	−5.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	3.0	+3.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	3.2	+9.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	4.7	+46.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	5.1	+7.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	5.9	+15.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	5.8	−2.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	14.7	+155.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	13.6	−7.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: Assets with no physical form
Formula: Intangible assets line of the balance sheet
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Goodwill

FYE Dec 2025 ¥4.9bn

CAGR · 3 yrs +485.1%

Fiscal year	Goodwill ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	n/a	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	0.1	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	5.5	+3768.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	4.9	−11.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: What an acquisition cost above the net assets it brought
Formula: Goodwill line of the balance sheet
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Equity ratio

FYE Dec 2025 60.7%

Average · 10 yrs 62.8%

Fiscal year	Equity ratio %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	67.9	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	66.3	−1.5pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	63.5	−2.9pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	62.8	−0.6pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	61.3	−1.5pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	60.5	−0.8pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	60.6	+0.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	62.2	+1.7pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	61.9	−0.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	60.7	−1.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: How much of the balance sheet is funded without debt
Formula: Equity ÷ total assets
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

ROE return on equity

FYE Dec 2025 16.3%

Average · 10 yrs 13.5%

Fiscal year	ROE %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	10.2	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	9.3	−0.9pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	10.2	+0.9pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	11.3	+1.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	12.4	+1.0pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	13.7	+1.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	17.1	+3.4pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	17.7	+0.6pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	16.6	−1.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	16.3	−0.2pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: What the shareholders' capital earns
Formula: Net profit ÷ equity
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

ROA return on assets

FYE Dec 2025 9.9%

Average · 10 yrs 8.4%

Fiscal year	ROA %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	6.9	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	6.2	−0.7pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	6.5	+0.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	7.1	+0.7pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	7.6	+0.4pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	8.3	+0.7pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	10.3	+2.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	11.0	+0.7pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	10.3	−0.7pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	9.9	−0.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: What the whole balance sheet earns
Formula: Net profit ÷ total assets
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Asset turnover

FYE Dec 2025 1.00×

CAGR · 10 yrs −2.0%

Fiscal year	Asset turnover ×	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	1.20	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	1.16	−3.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	1.13	−2.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	1.15	+1.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	1.12	−3.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	1.04	−7.4%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	1.06	+2.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	1.07	+1.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	1.04	−3.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	1.00	−3.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: How much revenue each yen of assets produces
Formula: Revenue ÷ total assets
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Cash flow statement Cash from operations, investment and financing, and what is left on hand

The three cash flows

¥ bn

Operating CF Investing CF Financing CF

Cash against debt

¥ bn

Cash and equivalents

Operating cash flow

FYE Dec 2025 ¥19bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +9.7%

Fiscal year	Operating cash flow ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	8.3	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	4.3	−48.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	9.3	+118.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	10.6	+14.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	10.0	−6.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	17.0	+70.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	11.9	−29.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	13.0	+9.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	23.7	+81.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	19.1	−19.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: Cash the business itself generated
Formula: Cash flow from operating activities
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Investing cash flow

FYE Dec 2025 -¥3.0bn

Average · 10 yrs -¥3.6bn

Fiscal year	Investing cash flow ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	-0.0	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	-1.9	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	-3.4	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	-4.0	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	-3.2	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	-2.8	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	-3.1	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	-2.4	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	-11.9	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	-3.0	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: Cash spent on, or released by, investment
Formula: Cash flow from investing activities
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Financing cash flow

FYE Dec 2025 -¥8.6bn

Average · 10 yrs -¥4.7bn

Fiscal year	Financing cash flow ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	-2.0	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	-2.4	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	-2.6	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	-3.3	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	-3.9	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	-4.5	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	-5.4	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	-6.7	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	-8.0	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	-8.6	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: Cash raised from, or returned to, lenders and shareholders
Formula: Cash flow from financing activities
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Cash and equivalents

FYE Dec 2025 ¥69bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +9.7%

Fiscal year	Cash and equivalents ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	30.2	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	30.4	+0.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	33.6	+10.8%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	37.0	+10.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	39.8	+7.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	49.7	+25.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	53.3	+7.2%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	57.5	+7.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	61.7	+7.3%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	69.4	+12.5%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: Cash on hand at the year end
Formula: Closing balance in the cash flow statement
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Free cash flow

FYE Dec 2025 ¥16bn

CAGR · 10 yrs +7.7%

Fiscal year	FCF ¥ bn	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	8.3	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	2.4	−70.9%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	6.0	+147.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	6.7	+12.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	6.8	+1.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	14.2	+109.6%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	8.8	−38.0%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	10.7	+21.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	11.8	+10.7%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	16.1	+36.1%	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: What is left once the business has paid for its own investment
Formula: Operating cash flow + investing cash flow
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Operating cash flow margin

FYE Dec 2025 11.6%

Average · 10 yrs 10.6%

Fiscal year	OCF margin %	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	10.4	n/a	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	5.1	−5.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	10.2	+5.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	10.6	+0.3pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	9.2	−1.4pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	15.2	+6.0pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	9.2	−5.9pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	9.1	−0.1pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	15.5	+6.4pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	11.6	−4.0pp	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: How much of the revenue turned into cash
Formula: Operating cash flow ÷ revenue
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Shares and share price Shares outstanding, price, market capitalisation and the valuation multiples

Market capitalisation

FYE Dec 2025 ¥535bn

Change · 10 yrs +¥477bn

Fiscal year	Market capitalisation ¥ bn	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	58.4	n/a
FYE Dec 2017	83.3	n/a
FYE Dec 2018	89.6	n/a
FYE Dec 2019	141	n/a
FYE Dec 2020	204	n/a
FYE Dec 2021	253	n/a
FYE Dec 2022	256	n/a
FYE Dec 2023	381	n/a
FYE Dec 2024	381	n/a
FYE Dec 2025	535	n/a

Definition: What the market says the company is worth
Formula: Year-end share price × shares outstanding
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Share price year-end close

FYE Dec 2025 8,214¥

Change · 10 yrs +6,421¥

Fiscal year	Share price ¥	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	1,792	n/a
FYE Dec 2017	2,555	n/a
FYE Dec 2018	2,750	n/a
FYE Dec 2019	4,330	n/a
FYE Dec 2020	6,251	n/a
FYE Dec 2021	3,875	n/a
FYE Dec 2022	3,924	n/a
FYE Dec 2023	5,841	n/a
FYE Dec 2024	5,850	n/a
FYE Dec 2025	8,214	n/a

Definition: The closing price on the last day of the fiscal year
Formula: Year-end closing price
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Shares outstanding

FYE Dec 2025 65,182,480shares

Change · 10 yrs +32,591,240 shares

Fiscal year	Shares outstanding shares	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	32,591,240	Parent
FYE Dec 2017	32,591,240	Parent
FYE Dec 2018	32,591,240	Parent
FYE Dec 2019	32,591,240	Parent
FYE Dec 2020	32,591,240	Parent
FYE Dec 2021	65,182,480	Parent
FYE Dec 2022	65,182,480	Parent
FYE Dec 2023	65,182,480	Parent
FYE Dec 2024	65,182,480	Parent
FYE Dec 2025	65,182,480	Parent

Definition: How many shares exist
Formula: Shares issued, from the key figures of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

EPS earnings per share

FYE Dec 2025 83.83¥

Change · 10 yrs +13.54¥

Fiscal year	EPS ¥	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	70.29	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	68.12	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	79.61	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	95.55	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	112.99	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	45.75	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	64.50	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	75.12	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	77.44	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	83.83	Cons.

Definition: Net profit for each share
Formula: Net profit ÷ average shares outstanding
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

BPS book value per share

FYE Dec 2025 1,536.59¥

Change · 10 yrs +155.85¥

Fiscal year	BPS ¥	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	1,380.74	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2017	1,465.79	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2018	1,562.87	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2019	1,683.24	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2020	1,827.64	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2021	1,004.13	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2022	1,132.80	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2023	1,272.90	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2024	1,399.06	Cons. · Japanese GAAP
FYE Dec 2025	1,536.59	Cons. · Japanese GAAP

Definition: Equity behind each share
Formula: Equity ÷ shares outstanding
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

PER price-to-earnings ratio

FYE Dec 2025 32.66×

Average · 10 yrs 23.14×

Fiscal year	PER ×	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	12.75	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	18.75	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	17.27	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	22.66	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	27.66	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	28.23	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	20.28	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	25.92	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	25.18	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	32.66	Cons.

Definition: How many years of earnings the price stands for
Formula: Year-end price ÷ EPS
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

PBR price-to-book ratio

FYE Dec 2025 5.34×

Average · 10 yrs 3.22×

Fiscal year	PBR ×	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	1.30	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	1.74	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	1.76	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	2.57	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	3.42	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	3.86	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	3.46	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	4.58	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	4.17	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	5.34	Cons.

Definition: The price measured against the book value behind it
Formula: Year-end price ÷ BPS
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Workforce and productivity Headcount, pay and what each employee accounts for

Group employees

FYE Dec 2025 4,618people

Change · 10 yrs +1,983 people

Fiscal year	Group employees people	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	2,635	n/a	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	2,716	+3.1%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	2,783	+2.5%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	2,879	+3.4%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	3,117	+8.3%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	3,240	+3.9%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	3,388	+4.6%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	3,652	+7.8%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	4,413	+20.8%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	4,618	+4.6%	Cons.

Definition: Everyone employed across the group
Formula: Consolidated headcount, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Parent-company employees

FYE Dec 2025 2,492people

Change · 10 yrs +1,179 people

Fiscal year	Parent-company employees people	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	1,313	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2017	1,405	+7.0%	Parent
FYE Dec 2018	1,457	+3.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2019	1,519	+4.3%	Parent
FYE Dec 2020	1,633	+7.5%	Parent
FYE Dec 2021	1,697	+3.9%	Parent
FYE Dec 2022	1,842	+8.5%	Parent
FYE Dec 2023	2,039	+10.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2024	2,402	+17.8%	Parent
FYE Dec 2025	2,492	+3.7%	Parent

Definition: Employees of the filing company itself
Formula: Parent-only headcount, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Average annual pay parent company

FYE Dec 2025 1,125万円

Change · 7 yrs +131万円

Fiscal year	Average annual pay 万円	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2017	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2018	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2019	994	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2020	1,047	+5.4%	Parent
FYE Dec 2021	1,057	+1.0%	Parent
FYE Dec 2022	1,128	+6.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2023	1,134	+0.5%	Parent
FYE Dec 2024	1,123	−1.0%	Parent
FYE Dec 2025	1,125	+0.2%	Parent

Definition: Average total annual compensation, bonuses included
Formula: Average annual pay, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Average age

FYE Dec 2025 39.9years

Change · 7 yrs −1.2 years

Fiscal year	Average age years	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2017	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2018	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2019	41.1	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2020	41.0	−0.2%	Parent
FYE Dec 2021	41.0	−0.0%	Parent
FYE Dec 2022	40.9	−0.2%	Parent
FYE Dec 2023	40.6	−0.7%	Parent
FYE Dec 2024	40.1	−1.2%	Parent
FYE Dec 2025	39.9	−0.5%	Parent

Definition: Average age of the parent company's employees
Formula: Average age, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Average length of service

FYE Dec 2025 10.7years

Change · 7 yrs −1.9 years

Fiscal year	Average length of service years	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2017	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2018	n/a	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2019	12.6	n/a	Parent
FYE Dec 2020	12.3	−2.4%	Parent
FYE Dec 2021	12.3	−0.0%	Parent
FYE Dec 2022	12.0	−2.4%	Parent
FYE Dec 2023	11.6	−3.3%	Parent
FYE Dec 2024	10.8	−6.9%	Parent
FYE Dec 2025	10.7	−0.9%	Parent

Definition: How long the average employee has been with the company
Formula: Average years of service, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Temporary employees

FYE Dec 2025 1,619people

Change · 10 yrs +433 people

Fiscal year	Temporary employees people	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	1,186	n/a	n/a
FYE Dec 2017	1,312	+10.6%	n/a
FYE Dec 2018	1,368	+4.3%	n/a
FYE Dec 2019	1,451	+6.1%	n/a
FYE Dec 2020	1,349	−7.0%	n/a
FYE Dec 2021	1,334	−1.1%	n/a
FYE Dec 2022	1,448	+8.5%	n/a
FYE Dec 2023	1,632	+12.7%	n/a
FYE Dec 2024	1,635	+0.2%	n/a
FYE Dec 2025	1,619	−1.0%	n/a

Definition: Average number of temporary and part-time staff over the year
Formula: Average temporary headcount, from the employee section of the filing
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Revenue per employee

FYE Dec 2025 ¥35.7m

Change · 10 yrs +¥5.4m

Fiscal year	Revenue per employee ¥ m	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	30.3	n/a	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	30.7	+1.4%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	32.7	+6.5%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	35.0	+6.9%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	34.9	−0.3%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	34.6	−0.8%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	38.1	+10.1%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	39.0	+2.5%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	34.6	−11.4%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	35.7	+3.2%	Cons.

Definition: What each employee accounts for in revenue
Formula: Revenue ÷ group employees
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Operating profit per employee

FYE Dec 2025 ¥5.0m

Change · 10 yrs +¥2.5m

Fiscal year	OP per employee ¥ m	YoY	Basis
FYE Dec 2016	2.5	n/a	Cons.
FYE Dec 2017	2.0	−17.9%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2018	3.0	+46.5%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2019	3.5	+18.2%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2020	3.9	+11.7%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2021	4.2	+8.4%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2022	5.5	+29.4%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2023	5.8	+4.9%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2024	4.8	−17.2%	Cons.
FYE Dec 2025	5.0	+4.0%	Cons.

Definition: What each employee accounts for in operating profit
Formula: Operating profit ÷ group employees
Source: Securities report (XBRL)

Disclaimer

Figures are reproduced as filed and are not restated: a change of accounting standard or of consolidation basis moves the series without anything happening to the business. Where that happened, the table says so in place of the year-on-year figure.
Ratios and per-employee figures are computed from the filed lines rather than taken from the filing, and use year-end balances rather than averages.

Accuracy, liability, reuse and privacy — the full disclaimer →

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