Kao
Financial history
- Revenue · FYE Dec 2025
- ¥1.69tn
- Operating profit · FYE Dec 2025
- ¥164bn
- Net profit · FYE Dec 2025
- ¥120bn
- Total assets
- ¥1.88tn
- Equity ratio
- 55.1%
- Long-term series
- 1954–2025
Kao: long-term performance & turning pointsSales (revenue) and profit-margin ratio
Sales (¥ bn)Net margin (%)| Fiscal year | Unit | 1954 *1 FYE Mar | 1955 *1 FYE Mar | 1956 *1 FYE Mar | 1957 *1 FYE Mar | 1958 *1 FYE Mar | 1959 *1 FYE Mar | 1960 *1 FYE Mar | 1961 *1 FYE Mar | 1962 *1 FYE Mar | 1963 *1 FYE Mar | 1964 *1 FYE Mar | 1965 *1 FYE Mar | 1966 *2 FYE Mar | 1967 *2 FYE Mar | 1968 *2 FYE Mar | 1969 *2 FYE Mar | 1970 *2 FYE Mar | 1971 *2 FYE Mar | 1972 *2 FYE Mar | 1973 *2 FYE Mar | 1974 *2 FYE Mar | 1975 *2 FYE Mar | 1976 *2 FYE Mar | 1977 *2 FYE Mar | 1978 *2 FYE Mar | 1979 *2 FYE Mar | 1980 *2 FYE Mar | 1981 *2 FYE Mar | 1982 *2 FYE Mar | 1983 *2 FYE Mar | 1984 *2 FYE Mar | 1985 *1 FYE Mar | 1986 *3 FYE Mar | 1987 *3 FYE Mar | 1988 *3 FYE Mar | 1992 *1 FYE Mar | 1993 *1 FYE Mar | 1994 *1 FYE Mar | 1995 *1 FYE Mar | 1996 *1 FYE Mar | 1997 *1 FYE Mar | 1998 *1 FYE Mar | 1999 *1 FYE Mar | 2000 *1 FYE Mar | 2001 *1 FYE Mar | 2002 *4 FYE Mar | 2003 *4 FYE Mar | 2004 *4 FYE Mar | 2005 *4 FYE Mar | 2006 *4 FYE Mar | 2007 *4 FYE Mar | 2008 *4 FYE Mar | 2009 *4 FYE Mar | 2010 *4 FYE Mar | 2011 *4 FYE Mar | 2012 *4 FYE Mar | 2012 *4 FYE Dec | 2013 *4 FYE Dec | 2014 *4 FYE Dec | 2015 *4 FYE Dec | 2016 *4 FYE Dec | 2017 *4 FYE Dec | 2018 *4 FYE Dec | 2019 *4 FYE Dec | 2020 *4 FYE Dec | 2021 *4 FYE Dec | 2022 *4 FYE Dec | 2023 *4 FYE Dec | 2024 *4 FYE Dec | 2025 *4 FYE Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | JPY | ¥2.3bn | ¥2.9bn | ¥3.9bn | ¥5.4bn | ¥6.4bn | ¥8.6bn | ¥12bn | ¥15bn | ¥19bn | ¥21bn | ¥24bn | ¥28bn | ¥33bn | ¥39bn | ¥44bn | ¥45bn | ¥50bn | ¥58bn | ¥66bn | ¥84bn | ¥117bn | ¥142bn | ¥147bn | ¥161bn | ¥187bn | ¥214bn | ¥246bn | ¥252bn | ¥281bn | ¥306bn | ¥331bn | ¥370bn | ¥406bn | ¥441bn | ¥490bn | ¥730bn | ¥771bn | ¥774bn | ¥797bn | ¥836bn | ¥901bn | ¥907bn | ¥925bn | ¥847bn | ¥822bn | ¥839bn | ¥865bn | ¥903bn | ¥937bn | ¥971bn | ¥1.23tn | ¥1.32tn | ¥1.28tn | ¥1.18tn | ¥1.19tn | ¥1.22tn | ¥1.01tn | ¥1.32tn | ¥1.40tn | ¥1.47tn | ¥1.46tn | ¥1.49tn | ¥1.51tn | ¥1.50tn | ¥1.38tn | ¥1.42tn | ¥1.55tn | ¥1.53tn | ¥1.63tn | ¥1.69tn |
| YoY | % | — | +27.1% | +37.1% | +37.2% | +19.3% | +34.6% | +37.7% | +24.4% | +29.7% | +9.9% | +11.8% | +18.6% | +17.1% | +19.5% | +11.2% | +4.1% | +10.4% | +15.2% | +14.6% | +26.6% | +39.3% | +21.8% | +3.5% | +9.6% | +16.0% | +14.7% | +14.7% | +2.8% | +11.2% | +8.9% | +8.2% | +11.9% | +9.7% | +8.7% | +11.1% | — | +5.7% | +0.3% | +3.0% | +4.9% | +7.9% | +0.6% | +1.9% | -8.4% | -3.0% | +2.1% | +3.1% | +4.3% | +3.8% | +3.7% | +26.8% | +7.0% | -3.2% | -7.2% | +0.2% | +2.5% | — | +29.9% | +6.6% | +5.0% | -1.0% | +2.2% | +1.2% | -0.4% | -8.0% | +2.7% | +9.3% | -1.2% | +6.3% | +3.7% |
| Operating profit | JPY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ¥121bn | ¥120bn | ¥121bn | ¥116bn | ¥97bn | ¥94bn | ¥105bn | ¥109bn | ¥102bn | ¥125bn | ¥133bn | ¥164bn | ¥186bn | ¥205bn | ¥208bn | ¥212bn | ¥176bn | ¥144bn | ¥110bn | ¥60bn | ¥147bn | ¥164bn |
| YoY | % | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -1.1% | +0.7% | -3.8% | -16.8% | -2.9% | +11.3% | +3.8% | — | +22.7% | +6.9% | +23.3% | +12.9% | +10.3% | +1.4% | +1.9% | -17.1% | -18.3% | -23.3% | -45.5% | +144.3% | +11.9% |
| Ordinary profit | JPY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ¥4.4bn | ¥6.1bn | ¥7.4bn | ¥9.8bn | ¥8.8bn | ¥8.9bn | ¥11bn | ¥12bn | ¥13bn | ¥16bn | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ¥114bn | ¥118bn | ¥123bn | ¥125bn | ¥122bn | ¥120bn | ¥114bn | ¥95bn | ¥94bn | ¥103bn | ¥110bn | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Net profit | JPY | ¥0.0bn | ¥0.0bn | ¥0.1bn | ¥0.2bn | ¥0.3bn | ¥0.5bn | ¥0.8bn | ¥0.9bn | ¥1.0bn | ¥1.1bn | ¥1.0bn | ¥0.8bn | ¥0.9bn | ¥1.2bn | ¥1.2bn | ¥1.3bn | ¥1.4bn | ¥1.6bn | ¥1.8bn | ¥2.2bn | ¥2.3bn | ¥1.8bn | ¥2.1bn | ¥2.7bn | ¥2.9bn | ¥3.3bn | ¥3.6bn | ¥3.9bn | ¥4.8bn | ¥5.5bn | ¥6.2bn | ¥7.2bn | — | — | — | ¥20bn | ¥20bn | ¥22bn | ¥24bn | ¥25bn | ¥28bn | ¥24bn | ¥35bn | ¥52bn | ¥59bn | ¥60bn | ¥62bn | ¥65bn | ¥72bn | ¥71bn | ¥71bn | ¥67bn | ¥64bn | ¥41bn | ¥47bn | ¥52bn | ¥53bn | ¥65bn | ¥80bn | ¥99bn | ¥116bn | ¥147bn | ¥154bn | ¥148bn | ¥126bn | ¥110bn | ¥86bn | ¥44bn | ¥108bn | ¥120bn |
| YoY | % | — | +20.0% | +322.2% | +177.6% | +33.6% | +93.6% | +37.5% | +21.8% | +12.6% | +5.8% | -11.9% | -16.7% | +17.5% | +22.3% | +6.1% | +3.3% | +14.3% | +9.7% | +10.8% | +28.0% | +0.4% | -18.7% | +12.0% | +33.7% | +6.9% | +12.6% | +9.4% | +7.5% | +22.9% | +15.7% | +13.0% | +15.7% | — | — | — | — | +2.0% | +8.3% | +6.8% | +3.8% | +12.2% | -11.3% | +42.2% | +50.1% | +14.0% | +1.3% | +3.7% | +4.6% | +10.4% | -1.4% | -0.8% | -5.7% | -3.2% | -37.1% | +15.3% | +12.2% | — | +22.8% | +22.9% | +24.3% | +17.6% | +26.5% | +4.5% | -3.5% | -14.9% | -13.1% | -21.5% | -49.1% | +145.9% | +11.4% |
| Operating margin | % | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13.0% | 12.4% | 9.8% | 8.8% | 7.6% | 7.9% | 8.8% | 8.9% | 10.0% | 9.5% | 9.5% | 11.2% | 12.7% | 13.8% | 13.8% | 14.1% | 12.7% | 10.1% | 7.1% | 3.9% | 9.0% | 9.7% |
| Net margin | % | 0.7% | 0.6% | 1.9% | 3.9% | 4.4% | 6.3% | 6.3% | 6.2% | 5.4% | 5.2% | 4.1% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.8% | 2.8% | 2.9% | 2.7% | 2.6% | 2.7% | 1.9% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 2.0% | — | — | — | 2.7% | 2.6% | 2.9% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 3.1% | 2.7% | 3.8% | 6.2% | 7.2% | 7.2% | 7.2% | 7.2% | 7.7% | 7.3% | 5.7% | 5.0% | 5.0% | 3.4% | 3.9% | 4.3% | 5.2% | 4.9% | 5.7% | 6.7% | 8.0% | 9.9% | 10.2% | 9.9% | 9.1% | 7.7% | 5.5% | 2.9% | 6.6% | 7.1% |
- *1 Kaisha Nenkan (Company Yearbook)
- *2 証券投資(362)
- *3 Nikkei Business
- *4 Securities report
Cost structure Cost of sales SG&A Other operating costs Operating profit Operating margin
Where each yen of revenue goes — cost of sales, SG&A and what is left as operating profit (¥ bn, stacked)
| Fiscal year | Unit | 2005 *1 FYE Mar | 2006 *1 FYE Mar | 2007 *1 FYE Mar | 2008 *1 FYE Mar | 2009 *1 FYE Mar | 2010 *1 FYE Mar | 2011 *1 FYE Mar | 2012 *1 FYE Mar | 2012 *1 FYE Dec | 2013 *1 FYE Dec | 2014 *1 FYE Dec | 2015 *1 FYE Dec | 2016 *1 FYE Dec | 2017 *1 FYE Dec | 2018 *1 FYE Dec | 2019 *1 FYE Dec | 2020 *1 FYE Dec | 2021 *1 FYE Dec | 2022 *1 FYE Dec | 2023 *1 FYE Dec | 2024 *1 FYE Dec | 2025 *1 FYE Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | JPY | ¥937bn | ¥971bn | ¥1.23tn | ¥1.32tn | ¥1.28tn | ¥1.18tn | ¥1.19tn | ¥1.22tn | ¥1.01tn | ¥1.32tn | ¥1.40tn | ¥1.47tn | ¥1.46tn | ¥1.49tn | ¥1.51tn | ¥1.50tn | ¥1.38tn | ¥1.42tn | ¥1.55tn | ¥1.53tn | ¥1.63tn | ¥1.69tn |
| YoY | % | — | +3.7% | +26.8% | +7.0% | -3.2% | -7.2% | +0.2% | +2.5% | — | +29.9% | +6.6% | +5.0% | -1.0% | +2.2% | +1.2% | -0.4% | -8.0% | +2.7% | +9.3% | -1.2% | +6.3% | +3.7% |
| Cost of sales | JPY | ¥405bn | ¥428bn | ¥503bn | ¥554bn | ¥559bn | ¥493bn | ¥499bn | ¥525bn | ¥443bn | ¥573bn | ¥632bn | ¥658bn | ¥638bn | ¥834bn | ¥854bn | ¥849bn | ¥791bn | ¥846bn | ¥1.00tn | ¥972bn | ¥990bn | ¥1.02tn |
| SG&A | JPY | ¥411bn | ¥423bn | ¥608bn | ¥648bn | ¥621bn | ¥597bn | ¥583bn | ¥582bn | ¥469bn | ¥618bn | ¥636bn | ¥649bn | ¥633bn | ¥453bn | ¥445bn | ¥443bn | ¥416bn | ¥427bn | ¥441bn | ¥467bn | ¥498bn | ¥505bn |
| Other operating costs | JPY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ¥34bn | — | — |
| Operating profit | JPY | ¥121bn | ¥120bn | ¥121bn | ¥116bn | ¥97bn | ¥94bn | ¥105bn | ¥109bn | ¥102bn | ¥125bn | ¥133bn | ¥164bn | ¥186bn | ¥205bn | ¥208bn | ¥212bn | ¥176bn | ¥144bn | ¥110bn | ¥60bn | ¥147bn | ¥164bn |
| YoY | % | — | -1.0% | +0.6% | -3.8% | -16.7% | -2.9% | +11.2% | +3.8% | — | +22.7% | +6.9% | +23.3% | +12.9% | +10.4% | +1.4% | +1.9% | -17.1% | -18.3% | -23.3% | -45.5% | +144.3% | +11.9% |
| Operating margin | % | 13.0% | 12.4% | 9.8% | 8.8% | 7.6% | 7.9% | 8.8% | 8.9% | 10.0% | 9.5% | 9.5% | 11.2% | 12.7% | 13.7% | 13.8% | 14.1% | 12.7% | 10.1% | 7.1% | 3.9% | 9.0% | 9.7% |
| Change | pp | — | -0.6pp | -2.6pp | -1.0pp | -1.2pp | +0.3pp | +0.9pp | +0.1pp | — | -0.5pp | 0.0pp | +1.7pp | +1.5pp | +1.0pp | +0.1pp | +0.3pp | -1.4pp | -2.6pp | -3.0pp | -3.2pp | +5.1pp | +0.7pp |
- *1 Securities report (yuka shoken hokokusho), as filed
Balance sheet Total assets Equity Interest-bearing debt Equity ratio
Total assets, equity and interest-bearing debt (¥ bn), with the equity ratio (%)
| Fiscal year | Unit | 2002 *1 FYE Mar | 2003 *1 FYE Mar | 2004 *1 FYE Mar | 2005 *1 FYE Mar | 2006 *1 FYE Mar | 2007 *1 FYE Mar | 2008 *1 FYE Mar | 2009 *1 FYE Mar | 2010 *1 FYE Mar | 2011 *1 FYE Mar | 2012 *1 FYE Mar | 2012 *1 FYE Dec | 2013 *1 FYE Dec | 2014 *1 FYE Dec | 2015 *1 FYE Dec | 2016 *1 FYE Dec | 2017 *1 FYE Dec | 2018 *1 FYE Dec | 2019 *1 FYE Dec | 2020 *1 FYE Dec | 2021 *1 FYE Dec | 2022 *1 FYE Dec | 2023 *1 FYE Dec | 2024 *1 FYE Dec | 2025 *1 FYE Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total assets | JPY | ¥772bn | ¥721bn | ¥724bn | ¥689bn | ¥1.22tn | ¥1.25tn | ¥1.23tn | ¥1.12tn | ¥1.07tn | ¥1.02tn | ¥991bn | ¥1.03tn | ¥1.13tn | ¥1.20tn | ¥1.28tn | ¥1.31tn | ¥1.43tn | ¥1.46tn | ¥1.65tn | ¥1.67tn | ¥1.70tn | ¥1.73tn | ¥1.77tn | ¥1.87tn | ¥1.88tn |
| YoY | % | — | -6.6% | +0.4% | -4.8% | +77.2% | +2.2% | -1.2% | -9.2% | -4.8% | -4.0% | -3.1% | — | +10.0% | +5.7% | +7.0% | +2.0% | +9.2% | +2.4% | +13.2% | +0.7% | +2.3% | +1.3% | +2.5% | +5.5% | +0.4% |
| Equity | JPY | ¥460bn | ¥417bn | ¥428bn | ¥448bn | ¥510bn | ¥575bn | ¥585bn | ¥554bn | ¥575bn | ¥540bn | ¥550bn | ¥596bn | ¥643bn | ¥672bn | ¥687bn | ¥677bn | ¥806bn | ¥809bn | ¥844bn | ¥909bn | ¥946bn | ¥949bn | ¥955bn | ¥1.03tn | ¥1.03tn |
| YoY | % | — | -9.3% | +2.6% | +4.8% | +13.7% | +12.8% | +1.7% | -5.2% | +3.8% | -6.2% | +1.9% | — | +7.8% | +4.6% | +2.2% | -1.5% | +19.2% | +0.4% | +4.3% | +7.7% | +4.1% | +0.2% | +0.7% | +8.3% | -0.1% |
| Interest-bearing debt | JPY | — | — | — | ¥23bn | ¥408bn | ¥356bn | ¥314bn | ¥275bn | ¥183bn | ¥157bn | ¥102bn | ¥103bn | ¥101bn | ¥101bn | ¥120bn | ¥121bn | ¥121bn | ¥121bn | ¥127bn | ¥128bn | ¥128bn | ¥128bn | ¥138bn | ¥131bn | ¥132bn |
| Equity ratio | % | 59.5% | 57.9% | 59.1% | 65.1% | 41.8% | 46.1% | 47.4% | 49.5% | 54.0% | 52.8% | 55.5% | 57.9% | 56.7% | 56.1% | 53.6% | 51.7% | 56.5% | 55.4% | 51.0% | 54.6% | 55.5% | 55.0% | 54.0% | 55.4% | 55.1% |
| Change | pp | — | -1.6pp | +1.2pp | +6.0pp | -23.3pp | +4.3pp | +1.3pp | +2.1pp | +4.5pp | -1.2pp | +2.7pp | — | -1.2pp | -0.6pp | -2.5pp | -1.9pp | +4.8pp | -1.1pp | -4.4pp | +3.6pp | +0.9pp | -0.5pp | -1.0pp | +1.4pp | -0.3pp |
- *1 Securities report (yuka shoken hokokusho), as filed
Cash flow Operating CF Investing CF Financing CF
Cash generated by operations, spent on investment and raised or repaid in financing (¥ bn)
| Fiscal year | Unit | 2002 *1 FYE Mar | 2003 *1 FYE Mar | 2004 *1 FYE Mar | 2005 *1 FYE Mar | 2006 *1 FYE Mar | 2007 *1 FYE Mar | 2008 *1 FYE Mar | 2009 *1 FYE Mar | 2010 *1 FYE Mar | 2011 *1 FYE Mar | 2012 *1 FYE Mar | 2012 *1 FYE Dec | 2013 *1 FYE Dec | 2014 *1 FYE Dec | 2015 *1 FYE Dec | 2016 *1 FYE Dec | 2017 *1 FYE Dec | 2018 *1 FYE Dec | 2019 *1 FYE Dec | 2020 *1 FYE Dec | 2021 *1 FYE Dec | 2022 *1 FYE Dec | 2023 *1 FYE Dec | 2024 *1 FYE Dec | 2025 *1 FYE Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating CF | JPY | ¥131bn | ¥134bn | ¥118bn | ¥110bn | ¥117bn | ¥165bn | ¥180bn | ¥122bn | ¥172bn | ¥151bn | ¥125bn | ¥97bn | ¥179bn | ¥145bn | ¥181bn | ¥183bn | ¥186bn | ¥196bn | ¥245bn | ¥215bn | ¥176bn | ¥131bn | ¥202bn | ¥202bn | ¥200bn |
| YoY | % | — | +2.5% | -12.1% | -7.1% | +7.1% | +40.7% | +9.3% | -32.6% | +41.7% | -12.2% | -17.4% | — | +83.6% | -18.8% | +24.6% | +1.2% | +1.5% | +5.3% | +25.0% | -12.2% | -18.3% | -25.4% | +54.7% | -0.4% | -0.9% |
| Investing CF | JPY | -¥78bn | -¥78bn | -¥37bn | -¥54bn | -¥480bn | -¥63bn | -¥52bn | -¥43bn | -¥44bn | -¥32bn | -¥49bn | -¥45bn | -¥58bn | -¥64bn | -¥74bn | -¥88bn | -¥96bn | -¥158bn | -¥94bn | -¥62bn | -¥67bn | -¥75bn | -¥109bn | -¥46bn | -¥70bn |
| Financing CF | JPY | -¥86bn | -¥104bn | -¥49bn | -¥91bn | ¥357bn | -¥84bn | -¥102bn | -¥65bn | -¥125bn | -¥87bn | -¥86bn | -¥32bn | -¥67bn | -¥85bn | -¥21bn | -¥95bn | -¥53bn | -¥109bn | -¥126bn | -¥87bn | -¥142bn | -¥139bn | -¥80bn | -¥105bn | -¥175bn |
| Cash & equivalents | JPY | ¥125bn | ¥76bn | ¥107bn | ¥70bn | ¥68bn | ¥88bn | ¥113bn | ¥111bn | ¥117bn | ¥143bn | ¥130bn | ¥160bn | ¥228bn | ¥229bn | ¥309bn | ¥302bn | ¥343bn | ¥266bn | ¥290bn | ¥353bn | ¥336bn | ¥268bn | ¥292bn | ¥358bn | ¥323bn |
| YoY | % | — | -39.4% | +41.6% | -34.3% | -4.1% | +30.5% | +27.8% | -1.8% | +6.0% | +22.2% | -9.4% | — | +41.9% | +0.5% | +35.3% | -2.3% | +13.4% | -22.5% | +8.9% | +21.9% | -4.8% | -20.2% | +8.7% | +22.6% | -9.6% |
- *1 Securities report (yuka shoken hokokusho), as filed
Key ratios Operating margin Net margin ROE Equity ratio
Profitability and balance-sheet strength (%). ROE uses year-end equity.
| Fiscal year | Unit | 2002 *1 FYE Mar | 2003 *1 FYE Mar | 2004 *1 FYE Mar | 2005 *1 FYE Mar | 2006 *1 FYE Mar | 2007 *1 FYE Mar | 2008 *1 FYE Mar | 2009 *1 FYE Mar | 2010 *1 FYE Mar | 2011 *1 FYE Mar | 2012 *1 FYE Dec | 2013 *1 FYE Dec | 2014 *1 FYE Dec | 2015 *1 FYE Dec | 2016 *1 FYE Dec | 2017 *1 FYE Dec | 2018 *1 FYE Dec | 2019 *1 FYE Dec | 2020 *1 FYE Dec | 2021 *1 FYE Dec | 2022 *1 FYE Dec | 2023 *1 FYE Dec | 2024 *1 FYE Dec | 2025 *1 FYE Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating margin | % | — | — | — | 13.0% | 12.4% | 9.8% | 8.8% | 7.6% | 7.9% | 8.8% | 10.0% | 9.5% | 9.5% | 11.2% | 12.7% | 13.7% | 13.8% | 14.1% | 12.7% | 10.1% | 7.1% | 3.9% | 9.0% | 9.7% |
| Change | pp | — | — | — | — | -0.6pp | -2.6pp | -1.0pp | -1.2pp | +0.3pp | +0.9pp | +1.2pp | -0.5pp | 0.0pp | +1.7pp | +1.5pp | +1.0pp | +0.1pp | +0.3pp | -1.4pp | -2.6pp | -3.0pp | -3.2pp | +5.1pp | +0.7pp |
| Net margin | % | 7.2% | 7.2% | 7.2% | 7.7% | 7.3% | 5.7% | 5.0% | 5.1% | 3.4% | 3.9% | 5.2% | 4.9% | 5.7% | 6.7% | 8.0% | 9.9% | 10.2% | 9.9% | 9.1% | 7.7% | 5.5% | 2.9% | 6.6% | 7.1% |
| Change | pp | — | 0.0pp | 0.0pp | +0.5pp | -0.4pp | -1.6pp | -0.7pp | +0.1pp | -1.7pp | +0.5pp | +1.3pp | -0.3pp | +0.8pp | +1.0pp | +1.3pp | +1.9pp | +0.3pp | -0.3pp | -0.8pp | -1.4pp | -2.2pp | -2.6pp | +3.7pp | +0.5pp |
| ROE | % | 13.1% | 15.0% | 15.3% | 16.1% | 14.0% | 12.3% | 11.4% | 11.6% | 7.0% | 8.7% | 8.9% | 10.1% | 11.8% | 14.4% | 17.2% | 18.2% | 19.0% | 17.6% | 13.9% | 11.6% | 9.1% | 4.6% | 10.4% | 11.6% |
| Change | pp | — | +1.9pp | +0.3pp | +0.8pp | -2.1pp | -1.7pp | -0.9pp | +0.2pp | -4.6pp | +1.7pp | +0.2pp | +1.2pp | +1.7pp | +2.6pp | +2.8pp | +1.0pp | +0.8pp | -1.4pp | -3.7pp | -2.3pp | -2.5pp | -4.5pp | +5.8pp | +1.2pp |
| Equity ratio | % | 59.5% | 57.9% | 59.1% | 65.1% | 41.8% | 46.1% | 47.4% | 49.5% | 54.0% | 52.8% | 57.9% | 56.7% | 56.1% | 53.6% | 51.7% | 56.5% | 55.4% | 51.0% | 54.6% | 55.5% | 55.0% | 54.0% | 55.4% | 55.1% |
| Change | pp | — | -1.6pp | +1.2pp | +6.0pp | -23.3pp | +4.3pp | +1.3pp | +2.1pp | +4.5pp | -1.2pp | +5.1pp | -1.2pp | -0.6pp | -2.5pp | -1.9pp | +4.8pp | -1.1pp | -4.4pp | +3.6pp | +0.9pp | -0.5pp | -1.0pp | +1.4pp | -0.3pp |
- *1 Securities report (yuka shoken hokokusho), as filed
Reporting basis
Which accounting standard each fiscal year was filed under. Figures are not strictly comparable across a change of standard.
| Fiscal year | Unit | 2001 *1 FYE Mar | 2002 *1 FYE Mar | 2003 *1 FYE Mar | 2004 *1 FYE Mar | 2005 *1 FYE Mar | 2006 *1 FYE Mar | 2007 *1 FYE Mar | 2008 *1 FYE Mar | 2009 *1 FYE Mar | 2010 *1 FYE Mar | 2011 *1 FYE Mar | 2012 *1 FYE Mar | 2012 *1 FYE Dec | 2013 *1 FYE Dec | 2014 *1 FYE Dec | 2015 *1 FYE Dec | 2016 *1 FYE Dec | 2017 *1 FYE Dec | 2018 *1 FYE Dec | 2019 *1 FYE Dec | 2020 *1 FYE Dec | 2021 *1 FYE Dec | 2022 *1 FYE Dec | 2023 *1 FYE Dec | 2024 *1 FYE Dec | 2025 *1 FYE Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | JGAAP | JGAAP | JGAAP | JGAAP | JGAAP | JGAAP | JGAAP | JGAAP | JGAAP | JGAAP | JGAAP | JGAAP | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | IFRS | |
| Basis | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated | Consolidated |
- *1 Securities report (yuka shoken hokokusho), as filed
Yen–dollar exchange rate ¥ per US$1
Annual average, yen per one US dollar. Every figure above is in yen as filed — convert one using the rate of its own year, never today's. A higher line is a weaker yen.
| Fiscal year | Unit | 1949 *1 Cal. year | 1950 *1 Cal. year | 1951 *1 Cal. year | 1952 *1 Cal. year | 1953 *1 Cal. year | 1954 *1 Cal. year | 1955 *1 Cal. year | 1956 *1 Cal. year | 1957 *1 Cal. year | 1958 *1 Cal. year | 1959 *1 Cal. year | 1960 *1 Cal. year | 1961 *1 Cal. year | 1962 *1 Cal. year | 1963 *1 Cal. year | 1964 *1 Cal. year | 1965 *1 Cal. year | 1966 *1 Cal. year | 1967 *1 Cal. year | 1968 *1 Cal. year | 1969 *1 Cal. year | 1970 *1 Cal. year | 1971 *1 Cal. year | 1972 *2 Cal. year | 1973 *3 Cal. year | 1974 *3 Cal. year | 1975 *3 Cal. year | 1976 *3 Cal. year | 1977 *3 Cal. year | 1978 *3 Cal. year | 1979 *3 Cal. year | 1980 *4 Cal. year | 1981 *4 Cal. year | 1982 *4 Cal. year | 1983 *4 Cal. year | 1984 *4 Cal. year | 1985 *4 Cal. year | 1986 *4 Cal. year | 1987 *4 Cal. year | 1988 *4 Cal. year | 1989 *4 Cal. year | 1990 *4 Cal. year | 1991 *4 Cal. year | 1992 *4 Cal. year | 1993 *4 Cal. year | 1994 *4 Cal. year | 1995 *4 Cal. year | 1996 *4 Cal. year | 1997 *4 Cal. year | 1998 *4 Cal. year | 1999 *4 Cal. year | 2000 *4 Cal. year | 2001 *4 Cal. year | 2002 *4 Cal. year | 2003 *4 Cal. year | 2004 *4 Cal. year | 2005 *4 Cal. year | 2006 *4 Cal. year | 2007 *4 Cal. year | 2008 *4 Cal. year | 2009 *4 Cal. year | 2010 *4 Cal. year | 2011 *4 Cal. year | 2012 *4 Cal. year | 2013 *4 Cal. year | 2014 *4 Cal. year | 2015 *4 Cal. year | 2016 *4 Cal. year | 2017 *4 Cal. year | 2018 *4 Cal. year | 2019 *4 Cal. year | 2020 *4 Cal. year | 2021 *4 Cal. year | 2022 *4 Cal. year | 2023 *4 Cal. year | 2024 *4 Cal. year | 2025 *4 Cal. year | 2026 *4,5 Cal. year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate | ¥/US$ | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥360.00 | ¥308.00 | ¥274.00 | ¥293.00 | ¥299.00 | ¥292.00 | ¥257.00 | ¥201.00 | ¥230.00 | ¥226.69 | ¥220.55 | ¥249.06 | ¥237.48 | ¥237.53 | ¥238.53 | ¥168.52 | ¥144.60 | ¥128.13 | ¥137.98 | ¥144.81 | ¥134.51 | ¥126.67 | ¥111.18 | ¥102.22 | ¥94.05 | ¥108.77 | ¥121.02 | ¥130.89 | ¥113.84 | ¥107.74 | ¥121.52 | ¥125.28 | ¥115.92 | ¥108.16 | ¥110.15 | ¥116.28 | ¥117.77 | ¥103.33 | ¥93.53 | ¥87.77 | ¥79.78 | ¥79.79 | ¥97.60 | ¥105.84 | ¥121.02 | ¥108.84 | ¥112.16 | ¥110.40 | ¥109.01 | ¥106.78 | ¥109.78 | ¥131.37 | ¥140.51 | ¥151.50 | ¥149.65 | ¥158.16 |
| YoY | % | — | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | -14.4% | -11.0% | +6.9% | +2.0% | -2.3% | -12.0% | -21.8% | +14.4% | -1.4% | -2.7% | +12.9% | -4.6% | 0.0% | +0.4% | -29.4% | -14.2% | -11.4% | +7.7% | +4.9% | -7.1% | -5.8% | -12.2% | -8.1% | -8.0% | +15.7% | +11.3% | +8.2% | -13.0% | -5.4% | +12.8% | +3.1% | -7.5% | -6.7% | +1.8% | +5.6% | +1.3% | -12.3% | -9.5% | -6.2% | -9.1% | 0.0% | +22.3% | +8.4% | +14.3% | -10.1% | +3.1% | -1.6% | -1.3% | -2.0% | +2.8% | +19.7% | +7.0% | +7.8% | -1.2% | +5.7% |
- *1 1949-1971: Fixed Bretton Woods peg ¥360/$ (Dodge Line 1949; Smithsonian ¥308 from Dec 1971).
- *2 1972: Smithsonian peg ¥308/$ (held until Feb 1973 float).
- *3 1973-1979: JIL (Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training) g0001.xlsx — fiscal-year (Apr–Mar) basis, integer-rounded. PROVISIONAL; upgrade to BOJ FXERM07 calendar-year later.
- *4 1980-2026: Bank of Japan stat-search FM08'FXERM07 (Tokyo market, USD/JPY spot, 17:00 fixing, monthly average) — calendar-year average of monthly averages.
- *5 Provisional — part-year average, not a full calendar year.
All figures are in Japanese yen as filed. Where a foreign-currency comparison is needed elsewhere on this site, yen amounts are converted at the average rate of each figure's own year — not today's rate. Exchange rates & sources →
Read the company history → 日本語版（詳細）— full financial data in Japanese →
Disclaimer
- This page is provided for general information only and is not investment advice, nor a recommendation to buy or sell any security.
- Figures are compiled independently and include our own estimates, approximations and machine-processed data; we make no warranty as to their accuracy or completeness.
- Sources are primarily each company's securities reports and other public filings, but errors and omissions may remain.
- Any use of this information is at the reader's own risk. Past performance does not indicate future results.
- Company names, logos and other marks belong to their respective owners.
Data API
Kao’s history, financials, executives and
shareholders are published as static JSON — no key, plain GET.
| Method | Endpoint | Returns |
|---|---|---|
| GET | /api/companies.json | All companies |
| GET | /api/4452/manifest.json | Resource index |
| GET | /api/4452/history.json | History overview |
| GET | /api/4452/timeline.json | Chronology |
| GET | /api/decisions.json | All management decisions (index) |
| GET | /api/4452/decisions.json | Management decisions (index) |
| GET | /api/4452/decisions/{slug}.json | One decision (full dossier) |
| GET | /api/4452/executives.json | Executives |
| GET | /api/4452/shareholders.json | Major shareholders |
| GET | /api/4452/financials.json | Financial statements |
| GET | /api/4452/financials-longterm.json | Long-term results |
| GET | /api/4452/segments.json | Business segments |
| GET | /api/4452/regions.json | Sales by region |
| GET | /api/4452/workforce.json | Workforce |