{ "spec_version": "5", "endpoint": "history", "stock_code": "lotte", "company_name": "ロッテ", "content_lang": "ja", "meta_lang": "en", "canonical_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/lotte/decisions/", "api_url": "/api/lotte/history.json", "updated": "2026-10-13", "license": "© 2026 Yutaka Sugiura. All rights reserved.", "attribution": "The社史 (the-shashi.com) — https://the-shashi.com/tse/lotte/decisions/", "source": { "chapters": { "html_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/lotte/", "primary": [ "社史", "有価証券報告書", "新聞・雑誌記事" ], "extraction": "一次資料を読み合わせて執筆" }, "long_term": { "primary": [ "有価証券報告書" ], "extraction": "EDINET の XBRL、旧有価証券報告書、会社年鑑・社史等からの転記", "row_field": "reference", "caveat": "創業期から現在までを 1 本に繋いだ長期系列のため、年代により出所・単位・連結範囲が変わる。行ごとの reference / unit / consolidation を必ず参照すること" } }, "title": "ロッテの歴史概略", "eras": [ { "title": "ロッテの創業と新宿チューインガム工場の完成", "start_year": 1948, "end_year": 1963, "phase": "founding" }, { "title": "ガーナミルクチョコレートの発売とロッテオリオンズの誕生", "start_year": 1964, "end_year": 1977, "phase": "growth" }, { "title": "ロッテUSA・タイロッテの設立による海外進出", "start_year": 1978, "end_year": 2006, "phase": "growth" }, { "title": "ロッテHDの設立と創業家の経営権争い", "start_year": 2007, "end_year": 2026, "phase": "transformation" } ], "overview": [ { "label": "決断", "text": "後発の家内工業から、大人向けの板ガムで最大手の追い越しを目指した会社である。創業時の主力は子ども向けの風船ガムで、板ガムでは最大手のハリスが先行していた。1950年代半ばに天然チクルを基材にした板ガムで本命の市場へ参入し、「天然チクルのロッテ」を広告で前面に押し出した。並行して販売量に応じて問屋と小売店の利幅を増やし、1950年代末には「グリーンガム」と「クールミントガム」を品目に加えた。1961年には懸賞1000万円のセールを実施し、主婦の販売員が小売店を巡回するLHPを発足させている。品質の訴求と店頭の掌握を重ねたことが、ガムの首位をもたらした。" }, { "label": "現況", "text": "現在のロッテは、ガムに加えてチョコレートとアイスクリームを手がける菓子メーカーである。1964年にガーナミルクチョコレートを、1984年にコアラのマーチを発売し、ガム以外にもロングセラーを持った。2007年4月にはロッテHDを設立して持株会社体制へ移行し、菓子事業は新設のロッテが担った。2018年4月にはロッテ商事・ロッテアイスと合併し、菓子の製造と販売、アイスクリームを1社に統合している。2024年4月に社長に就任した中島英樹氏は、既存領域の基盤強化を掲げた。" } ], "profile": [ { "key": "founding_business", "label": "祖業", "value": "ポマード・クリームの製造" }, { "key": "current_issue", "label": "現在の注力課題", "value": "既存の菓子・アイス領域の基盤強化", "tags": [ "選択と集中" ] } ], "lineage": { "path": "lotte-lineage-top.v3.json" }, "timelineLead": "1946年に重光武雄氏が起こしたひかり特殊化学研究所のポマード製造が起源で、1948年にロッテを設立してガムの製造に転じた。\n1964年発売のガーナミルクチョコレートや1984年発売のコアラのマーチなどのロングセラーを生み、1971年にはプロ野球球団を持った。ガムやチョコレート、アイスクリームを手がける菓子メーカーである。", "lineageLead": "重光武雄氏が1946年に東京で起こしたひかり特殊化学研究所が前身である。\n1948年にロッテを設立し、2007年にロッテHDを置いて持株会社体制へ移った。2018年にロッテ商事・ロッテアイスと合併して新たなロッテが発足し、製造と販売を一体で運営する体制に改めた。", "foundingStory": true, "summary": { "description": "ロッテの歴史を創業から現在まで一次資料でたどる。沿革・財務・歴代社長・大株主・セグメントの長期データを時系列で横断。" }, "chapters": [ { "start_year": 1948, "end_year": 1963, "main_title": "ロッテの創業と新宿チューインガム工場の完成", "subsections": [ { "title": "ポマードから転じた大久保の借家のガムと、400～500社から抜け出す新宿の工場", "text": "重光武雄氏は1946年、『食べていくため』に「ひかり特殊化学研究所」を起こし、ポマードとクリームなど化粧品の製造を始めた。1922年に韓国の蔚山で生まれた重光武雄氏は、技術者を志して16歳で上京し、早稲田で化学を専攻した。学生時代には進駐軍から得たガムを2つ3つに切り分けて包み直し、高田馬場や新大久保の駅頭で売って学費を稼いだ。翌1947年には、駅頭の商いで売れ行きを知ったガムの製造に転じた。1948年6月、資本金100万円でロッテ株式会社を設立した。製造は化学の素養で補え、ガムが売れる手応えは駅頭の商いで先に得ており、その両方が化粧品から菓子への転換を後押ししたとみられる。\n\n1948年、24歳の重光武雄氏は大久保の借家で見よう見まねのガム作りを始め、昼に作ったガムを夜の盛り場で売り歩いた。当時のガムメーカーは400～500社に上り、ほとんどが重光武雄氏と同じ家内工業か、それに近い規模の零細業者だった。やがてハリスが群小メーカーから抜け出して最大手となり、重光武雄氏はハリスを追う目標に定めた。ロッテの主力は子ども向けの風船ガムで、大人向けの板ガムではハリスの後塵を拝した。ガムは進駐軍とともに入ってきた米国の文化で、創業当時は作れば作っただけ売れた。作り手が乱立しても需要が供給を上回り、売り歩く量がそのまま事業の大きさを決めたのだろう。\n\nロッテはチューインガムの量産拠点を、創業の地の大久保に近い新大久保駅のそばの新宿工場に置いた。本社も工場と同じ東京都新宿区の百人町に構えた。創業当時は作った品が端から売れる時代で、ガム製造に着手して以降、事業はほぼ挫折なく拡大を続けた。1958年ごろには、大久保の借家で始めた事業から従業員400～500人を抱える企業に成長した。新宿工場はその後ロッテのガムを一手に生産する工場となり、ピークの1960年代末には2000人近い従業員を抱えた。借家での手作りでは作る端から売れる需要に対して生産量が追いつかず、売り歩いて得た資金を工場に投じて量産へ移ったと推察される。", "references": [ { "title": "日経ビジネス 96号 1973年11月12日", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "Decide 4(7)(33) 1986年", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "月刊経済 14(7)(198) 1967年7月", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "政経人 23(4) 1976年4月「インタビュー――韓国最大のホテル建設で民間外交の絆を 重光武雄」", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "日経ビジネス 1989年8月28日", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ], "start_year": 1948, "opinionPos": [ [ 290 ], [ 283 ], [ 282 ] ] }, { "title": "天然チクルの板ガムで挑んだハリスと、懸賞1000万円のセール", "text": "ロッテは1950年代半ば、天然チクルを基材にした板ガムで、大人向けの本命市場へ本格的に参入した。業界の色分けは『板ガムはハリス、ロッテは風船ガム』で、ガムの代名詞はハリスだった。1955年前後から菓子の好みが甘さ一辺倒から変わり、ガムの需要は伸びが鈍り始めた。戦後の国産ガムは天然チクルを輸入できず、基材には酢酸ビニール樹脂を用いた。菓子の中でガムの品質を決める核心は、噛み心地にある。噛み心地では天然チクルとの差が大きく、板ガムで首位を獲得しなければハリスとの差は縮まらない局面にあった。需要が頭打ちに向かう中、噛み心地の差を品質として打ち出せる天然チクルは、後発が本命市場に参入する数少ない手段と思われる。\n\nロッテは「天然チクルのロッテ」を広告で前面に押し出し、噛み心地の違いを消費者に訴えた。広告と並行して、販売量に応じて問屋と小売店の利幅を増やす価格政策を組み合わせ、時期によっては利益より売上高の増加を優先した。品目は先発の上位企業と同じ型の商品を次々に重ね、業界からはコピーメーカーとの批判も受けた。1950年代末に出した「グリーンガム」と「クールミントガム」は、1989年時点で2品種合わせて年商2百数十億円の主力商品に育った。1967年には、ガムと言えばロッテと評されるまでに業界の立場が入れ替わった。品質を広告で言い切り、利幅で流通を動かす二本立てが、後発の差別化要因になったと言えそうだ。\n\n1961年、ロッテは1000万円の懸賞を付けた天然チクルセールを打ち、同じ年に「レディ・ホーム・プロパー」（LHP）を発足させた。菓子は問屋を通じて全国50万店へ流れるのが通例で、メーカーと小売店の間の流れは滞りやすく、ハリスの販路も問屋が担った。LHPではパートタイムの主婦が小売店を巡って販売促進と情報収集にあたり、タバコ店や薬局、浴場、ガソリンスタンドにまで販路を開拓した。1959年から1961年の3年間で、業界全体の売上高1.8倍に対しロッテは3倍への拡大。この間にハリスを追い越し、ロッテはガムの業界首位に立った。小売店の店頭を自前で押さえた仕組みが、次に挑むチョコレートの販路にもなったと考えられる。", "references": [ { "title": "日経ビジネス 96号 1973年11月12日", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "Decide 4(7)(33) 1986年", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "月刊経済 14(7)(198) 1967年7月", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "政経人 23(4) 1976年4月「インタビュー――韓国最大のホテル建設で民間外交の絆を 重光武雄」", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "日経ビジネス 1989年8月28日", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ], "start_year": 1954, "opinionPos": [ [ 304 ], [ 297 ], [ 306 ] ] } ] } ], "long_term": [ { "year": 1950, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1951, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1952, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1953, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1954, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1955, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1956, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1957, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1958, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1959, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1960, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1961, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1962, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1963, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1964, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1965, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1966, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1967, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1968, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1969, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1970, "month": 3, "company_name": "ロッテ", "consolidation": "単体", 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