{
  "spec_version": "4",
  "endpoint": "history",
  "stock_code": "9665",
  "company_name": "吉本興業",
  "content_lang": "ja",
  "meta_lang": "en",
  "canonical_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/9665/decisions/",
  "api_url": "/api/9665/history.json",
  "updated": "2026-09-20",
  "license": "© 2026 Yutaka Sugiura. All rights reserved.",
  "attribution": "The社史 (the-shashi.com) — https://the-shashi.com/tse/9665/decisions/",
  "source": {
    "long_term": {
      "primary": [
        "会社年鑑 1986年版",
        "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版 半期合算",
        "会社年鑑 1976年版 半期合算",
        "会社年鑑 1971年版 半期合算",
        "会社年鑑 1967年版 半期合算"
      ],
      "extraction": "EDINET の XBRL、kabupro 掲載の旧有価証券報告書、会社年鑑・社史等からの転記",
      "row_field": "reference",
      "caveat": "創業期から現在までを 1 本に繋いだ長期系列のため、年代により出所・単位・連結範囲が変わる。行ごとの reference / unit / consolidation を必ず参照すること"
    }
  },
  "title": "吉本興業の歴史概略",
  "eras": [
    {
      "title": "吉本泰三・せい夫婦の寄席経営と花月チェーン、大阪演芸界の大合同",
      "start_year": 1912,
      "end_year": 1931
    },
    {
      "title": "吉本興業合名会社と万才ブーム、わらわし隊と戦災、演芸陣の解散と上場",
      "start_year": 1932,
      "end_year": 1958
    },
    {
      "title": "うめだ花月での演芸再開と吉本新喜劇のテレビ中継、NSCの開校",
      "start_year": 1959,
      "end_year": 1986
    },
    {
      "title": "なんばグランド花月とルミネtheよしもと、M-1グランプリとMBOによる上場廃止",
      "start_year": 1987,
      "end_year": 2010
    }
  ],
  "overview": [
    {
      "label": "創業",
      "text": "1912年4月1日、吉本吉兵衛氏と吉本せい氏の夫婦が、大阪・天満天神宮の裏門に面した寄席\"第二文芸館\"を買い取って興行を始めた。買った小屋に何を掛けるかで、夫婦は当時の寄席の相場から外れた出し物を選んでいる。吉本吉兵衛氏の急逝後は、吉本せい氏の弟で18歳から興行に加わった林正之助氏が経営を担い、92歳までオーナーとして会社を率いた。大正末期には東京や横浜へも進出して30近い寄席を傘下に収め、1932年に吉本興業合名会社へ改組する。1933年にはエンタツ・アチャコの\"早慶戦\"が当たり、経営する劇場は大阪を筆頭に30有余を数えた。"
    },
    {
      "label": "決断",
      "text": "劇場を、客を入れる場から芸人を鍛える場へ持ち替えた。太平洋戦争で30有余の劇場のほとんどが被害を受け、所属していた芸人も散り散りになる。戦後の吉本興業は焼けた寄席の跡に映画館を建て、アメリカ映画で興行を再開した。1959年、制作部長の八田竹男氏は映画がテレビに侵食されると見て映画館\"うめだ花月\"を演芸場へ作り直し、毎日放送の本放送開始と同時に劇場中継を始める。劇場を[不動産として運用する体制へ移した](/tse/9602/decisions/real-estate-utilization-1958/)会社もあったが、吉本興業は1982年に新人を養成する吉本総合芸能学院を開設し、1986年に200席の心斎橋筋2丁目劇場、1987年に877席のなんばグランド花月を設けた。直営の小屋があれば所属タレントを常に舞台へ乗せられるという理由が、興行収入が全収入の6割を割ったあとも劇場を建て続ける根拠になった。"
    },
    {
      "label": "現況",
      "text": "番組を作って人を送る収入が9割を占め、興行は主力から降りた。1963年3月期に収入の77%を占めた興行は、1975年3月期の半期には59.9%まで下がり、1985年3月期にはテレビ・ラジオ部門が56%で首位に立つ。2001年4月には東京・新宿にルミネtheよしもとを開場した。2009年3月期の連結営業収入は488億円、営業利益は43億円で、部門別の内訳は制作が90%、事業が8%、不動産が3%である。2009年にクオンタム・エンターテインメントの公開買付けで同社の子会社となり、2010年2月に東京・大阪の両取引所で上場を廃止した。1949年5月の上場から61年である。2019年6月には吉本興業ホールディングスへ商号を変更し、劇場の運営とタレントの斡旋を続けている。"
    },
    {
      "label": "競合",
      "text": "競っているのは芸の中身ではなく、芸人を絶やさず供給できるかである。大阪の演芸は長く吉本興業と[松竹](/tse/9601/)の新喜劇が並ぶ構図にあった。1980年10月、吉本興業は東京都港区に9坪の制作部東京事務所を開設し、漫才ブームで所属タレントを東京の番組へ送り込む拠点にする。1982年には徒弟制度に代えて新人を毎年採用する吉本総合芸能学院を開校し、1999年春には採用を150人から600人へ増やした。学院からはダウンタウンが育っている。1993年11月時点の芸人は約400人で、高収入が保証される専属契約は50人に満たない。残る約350人を仕事ごとの契約に留めたことが、当たる演者を絶やさずに固定費を抑える仕組みを構築した。"
    }
  ],
  "profile": [
    {
      "key": "founding_business",
      "label": "祖業",
      "value": "寄席の興行"
    },
    {
      "key": "delisting",
      "label": "上場と廃止",
      "value": "1949年〜2010年",
      "note": "大阪証券取引所へ上場、現在は吉本興業ホールディングス"
    }
  ],
  "summary": {
    "description": "吉本興業（旧吉本興行部）の歴史。1912年、吉本泰三氏とせい氏の夫婦が大阪・天満の寄席を買収して興行に着手。大阪演芸界の大合同、NSC開校、なんばグランド花月、M-1グランプリまでの沿革と経緯を執筆。"
  },
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