{ "spec_version": "4", "endpoint": "history", "stock_code": "8604", "company_name": "野村ホールディングス", "content_lang": "ja", "meta_lang": "en", "canonical_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/8604/decisions/", "api_url": "/api/8604/history.json", "updated": "2026-10-03", "license": "© 2026 Yutaka Sugiura. All rights reserved.", "attribution": "The社史 (the-shashi.com) — https://the-shashi.com/tse/8604/decisions/", "source": { "chapters": { "html_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/8604/", "primary": [ "社史", "有価証券報告書", "新聞・雑誌記事" ], "extraction": "一次資料を読み合わせて執筆" }, "long_term": { "primary": [ "有価証券報告書", "会社年鑑", "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版", "会社年鑑（1976年版）" ], "extraction": "EDINET の XBRL、kabupro 掲載の旧有価証券報告書、会社年鑑・社史等からの転記", "row_field": "reference", "caveat": "創業期から現在までを 1 本に繋いだ長期系列のため、年代により出所・単位・連結範囲が変わる。行ごとの reference / unit / consolidation を必ず参照すること" }, "decisions": { "html_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/8604/decisions/", "primary": [ "企業の公表資料", "新聞・雑誌記事" ], "extraction": "本文は API に載せない。行ごとの html_url のページを参照すること" } }, "title": "野村ホールディングスの歴史概略", "eras": [ { "title": "初代野村徳七の両替商開業と「売りの野村」の出発", "start_year": 1872, "end_year": 1917, "phase": "founding" }, { "title": "野村證券の設立と日本初の投資信託の認可", "start_year": 1918, "end_year": 1944, "phase": "growth" }, { "title": "本店の東京移転とニューヨーク支店の開設", "start_year": 1945, "end_year": 1964, "phase": "rapid_growth" }, { "title": "野村総合研究所の設立とロンドン証券取引所会員権取得", "start_year": 1965, "end_year": 1990, "phase": "stable_growth" }, { "title": "総会屋への利益供与事件と持株会社体制への移行", "start_year": 1991, "end_year": 2007, "phase": "scandal" }, { "title": "リーマン・ブラザーズ海外部門の承継と国内営業モデルの転換", "start_year": 2008, "end_year": 2026, "phase": "transformation" } ], "overview": [ { "label": "創業", "text": "野村家の商いは1872年、初代野村徳七氏が大阪で開いた両替店\"野村徳七商店\"に始まる。1904年に二代野村徳七氏が家業を承継すると両替業を廃し、資金2万円で証券業者として再出発した。1906年4月には調査部を置いて\"大阪野村商報\"を発刊し、前日の市況と経済情勢の分析を顧客へ届けている。日露戦争後の反動相場で売りに回って\"売りの野村\"と呼ばれ、1917年12月には資本金500万円の野村商店へ改組した。ただし証券業の本流はここではなく、1925年12月に大阪野村銀行の証券部を分離して野村證券が設立され、翌1926年1月に公社債専門業者として営業を開始している。" }, { "label": "決断", "text": "野村の転機は、市場ではなく不祥事と他社の破綻がもたらしてきた。1991年に大口顧客への損失補填が表面化すると[田淵義久社長が引責辞任し](/tse/8604/decisions/loss-compensation-1991/)、\"新生・野村\"を掲げた機構改革が始まる。1997年には総会屋への利益供与が再発し、[氏家純一氏のもとで二度目の統治改革に着手し](/tse/8604/decisions/sokaiya-scandal-1997/)、同年3月期には連結当期純損失2,427億円を計上した。2001年10月に持株会社へ移行して野村ホールディングスとなった7年後、[リーマン・ブラザーズの欧州中東とアジア太平洋の部門を承継した](/tse/8604/decisions/lehman-acquisition-2008/)。約8,000名の受け入れにあたって人材流出を防ぐ保証ボーナスを条件に含めたため、高い人件費が損益分岐点を恒常的に押し上げ、2009年3月期の当期純損失は7,082億円に達した。" }, { "label": "現況", "text": "最高益を更新しても、利益の振れをつくるのは海外である。2025年3月期の親会社株主に帰属する当期純利益3,407億円は持株会社化後の最高益で、2026年3月期は3,621億円へ伸びた。もっともリーマン承継から10年後の2019年3月期には1,004億円の当期純損失を計上しており、損益分岐点の高い海外ホールセールが相場に応じて利益を消す構図は残っている。そこで野村は2021年4月にインベストメント・マネジメント部門を設け、2025年4月にはマッコーリー・グループの米欧の運用事業を約18億ドルで取得して運用資産約1,800億ドルを加えた。人を抱えて相場に向かう海外から、預かり資産に応じた手数料を積む海外へ、稼ぐ対象を入れ替えている。" }, { "label": "競合", "text": "野村は国内と海外で、まったく別の相手と競っている。国内では2023年に[SBI証券](/tse/8473/decisions/zero-revolution-2023/)が国内株式の売買手数料を恒久的に無料化し、対面営業の採算が崩れたため、野村は2019年に[国内店舗を2割削減](/tse/8604/decisions/retail-reform-2019/)して富裕層と資産管理型へ営業を組み替えた。海外の相手は欧米の投資銀行で、収益の規模も人件費の水準も現地の基準で決まる。同じ対面大手の[大和証券グループ本社](/tse/8601/decisions/smbc-jv-dissolution-2009/)は銀行との合弁を解消して独立系にとどまり、みずほ証券や三菱UFJモルガン・スタンレー証券は親銀行の顧客を使える。国内の対面で細った手数料を海外の運用報酬で埋める設計は、この2つの経路のどちらとも違う。" } ], "profile": [ { "key": "founding_business", "label": "祖業", "value": "銭両替と古金銀の売買" }, { "key": "current_issue", "label": "現在の注力課題", "value": "海外運用事業の取得と資産管理型への移行", "tags": [ "M&A", "ストック化" ] } ], "lineage": { "path": "8604-lineage-top.v2.json" }, "timelineLead": "1872年に初代野村徳七氏が大阪で開いた両替店が起源。\n1941年に国内初の投資信託業務の認可を取得し、2008年にリーマン・ブラザーズのアジア・欧州部門を承継して約8,000名を受け入れた。国内最大の証券グループである。", "lineageLead": "前身は1918年設立の大阪野村銀行。\n1925年に野村證券を設立し、2001年に持株会社体制へ移行して野村HDへ商号を変更した。2008年にはリーマン・ブラザーズのアジア・パシフィック・欧州・中東部門を承継。クロスボーダーM&Aで海外事業を拡大した。", "foundingStory": true, "summary": { "description": "野村ホールディングス（旧野村證券）の歴史。1872年、初代野村徳七が大阪で両替商を開業。1925年の野村證券設立、損失補填と総会屋事件、リーマン・ブラザーズ欧州アジア部門の承継までの沿革と経緯を執筆。" }, "chapters": [ { "start_year": 1872, "end_year": 1917, "main_title": "初代野村徳七の両替商開業と「売りの野村」の出発", "subsections": [ { "title": "両替店の廃業と、資金2万円からの再出発", "text": "野村家の商いは、1872年に初代野村徳七氏が大阪で開いた両替店\"野村徳七商店\"に始まる。当時の商売は銭両替や古金銀の売買にすぎず、株式や公社債もかたわら扱ってはいたが、初代の安全第一主義の方針からその扱高はわずかにとどまった。転機は1904年初頭、二代野村徳七氏が父の業を継いだときに訪れる。二代は業務の一大発展を期して両替業を廃棄し、資金2万円をもって本格的な証券業者として新発足した。祖業を捨てて証券に絞る判断であり、その経営方針は積極的かつ近代的で、わずか数年の間に大阪における第一の実力者となった。\n\nのちに\"調査の野村\"と呼ばれる社風の原型は、1906年の時点ですでにできあがっていた。二代がまず整えたのは相場を張る腕ではなく相場を読む仕組みで、同年4月に人事の機構を整備するとともに調査部を置き、\"大阪野村商報\"を創刊して業界に先駆けている。商報は前日の相場の動きや経済の情勢を分析して顧客に届けるもので、百号を記念した号では『自己の利益よりお客の利益を優先する』という主義を掲げた。そのうえで、個々の株式会社の組織や営業の成績、先行きの伸びを研究し、国の財政や海外の経済事情まで漏れなく調べて読者に伝える責務を果たしている、と自らの立ち位置を書き記している。", "references": [ { "title": "会社銀行八十年史（東洋経済新報社, 1955年）「大阪屋証券」の項", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "私の証券昭和史（瀬川美能留著, 日本経済新聞社, 1986年）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "企業の歴史 : 明治百年（経済春秋社, 1968）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "会社銀行八十年史（東洋経済新報社, 1955年）「野村証券」の項", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ], "start_year": 1872 }, { "title": "反動相場での「売り」と、株式組織への改組", "text": "調査に裏づけられた読みが試されたのは日露戦争の前後で、戦後の株式ブームに活躍し、続く反動期には売りに回って\"売りの野村\"として業績を躍進させている。第一次大戦のときは逆に積極方針へ転換して、巨額の富を蓄積している。強気と弱気を相場ごとに切り替えたこの動き方を支えたのは、調査部が集めた情報だった。1910年には現物団を結成して株式や公債の引受にも活躍し、二代自身も海外視察で新知識を吸収して、調査部の拡充、外国との取り引き、公社債の引受業務への進出と、量だけでなく質の面でも商いを充実させた。\n\n事業の拡大は会社組織の作り替えを求め、1917年12月、野村徳七商店は株式組織に改組されて資本金500万円の野村商店として新発足した。個人商店から会社組織への移行であり、以後この商店は野村家の中心事業として活躍している。もっともこの会社は、のちの野村證券の直接の母体ではない。野村商店は1923年7月に大阪屋商店と改称し、1930年12月には金融恐慌のため50万円へ減資したうえで野村家との資本的連携を断ち、当時の役員と従業員が全株式を所有する会社として野村家から離れた。証券業の本流は、二代が並行して興したもう一つの会社から生まれている。", "references": [ { "title": "会社銀行八十年史（東洋経済新報社, 1955年）「大阪屋証券」の項", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "私の証券昭和史（瀬川美能留著, 日本経済新聞社, 1986年）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "企業の歴史 : 明治百年（経済春秋社, 1968）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "会社銀行八十年史（東洋経済新報社, 1955年）「野村証券」の項", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ], "start_year": 1910 } ] } ], "long_term": [ { "year": 1950, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 7.55, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": -0.56, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1951, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 11.63, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 1.11, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1952, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 21.02, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 3.71, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1953, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 32.06, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 5.25, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1954, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 20.5, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": -3.12, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1955, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 32.48, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 2.46, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1956, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 57.54, "operating_profit_jp": "営業利益", "operating_profit": 20.19, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 5.56, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": 3.36, "net_margin": 5.839, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1957, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 53.42, "operating_profit_jp": "営業利益", "operating_profit": 11.82, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 6.73, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": 4.13, "net_margin": 7.731, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1958, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 58.99, "operating_profit_jp": "営業利益", "operating_profit": 11.69, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 7.03, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": 4.53, "net_margin": 7.679, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1959, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 109.58, "operating_profit_jp": "営業利益", "operating_profit": 32.47, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 20.6, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": 11.6, "net_margin": 10.585, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1960, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 165.23, "operating_profit_jp": "営業利益", "operating_profit": 60.45, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 40.39, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": 22.39, "net_margin": 13.55, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1961, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 196.63, "operating_profit_jp": "営業利益", "operating_profit": 47.46, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 28, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": 16.5, "net_margin": 8.391, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1962, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 243.1, "operating_profit_jp": "営業利益", "operating_profit": 45.6, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 22.13, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": 12.43, "net_margin": 5.113, "employees": 8388, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版" }, { "year": 1963, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1964, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1965, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 253, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 11, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": 6, "net_margin": 2.371, "employees": null, "reference": "会社年鑑（1976年版）" }, { "year": 1966, "month": 9, "company_name": "野村證券", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "営業収益", "sales": 380, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 96, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": 42, "net_margin": 11.052, 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