{ "spec_version": "5", "endpoint": "history", "stock_code": "8003", "company_name": "トーメン", "content_lang": "ja", "meta_lang": "en", "canonical_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/8003/decisions/", "api_url": "/api/8003/history.json", "updated": "2026-10-13", "license": "© 2026 Yutaka Sugiura. All rights reserved.", "attribution": "The社史 (the-shashi.com) — https://the-shashi.com/tse/8003/decisions/", "source": { "chapters": { "html_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/8003/", "primary": [ "社史", "有価証券報告書", "新聞・雑誌記事" ], "extraction": "一次資料を読み合わせて執筆" }, "long_term": { "primary": [ "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版 半期合算", "有価証券報告書", "日本企業要覧（1978年版）" ], "extraction": "EDINET の XBRL、旧有価証券報告書、会社年鑑・社史等からの転記", "row_field": "reference", "caveat": "創業期から現在までを 1 本に繋いだ長期系列のため、年代により出所・単位・連結範囲が変わる。行ごとの reference / unit / consolidation を必ず参照すること" } }, "title": "トーメンの歴史概略", "eras": [ { "title": "三井物産棉花部を継いだ東洋棉花の設立と戦後の取扱拡大", "start_year": 1920, "end_year": 1949, "phase": "founding" }, { "title": "鐘淵商事・太洋物産・南海興業の合併と穀物サイロ参入", "start_year": 1950, "end_year": 1969, "phase": "stable_growth" }, { "title": "トーメンへの改称と風力発電・農薬オルトランへの多角化", "start_year": 1970, "end_year": 1999, "phase": "growth" }, { "title": "豊田通商との資本業務提携から吸収合併による解散まで", "start_year": 2000, "end_year": 2006, "phase": "transformation" } ], "overview": [ { "label": "決断", "text": "産地での直接買付を足場に、綿花輸入の2割を押さえた会社である。発足時に旧部員の役職を1〜2階級引き上げ、利潤を従業員へ還元する給与に改めたうえで、インド・中国・米国南部に支店と出張所を置いて綿花を産地で買い付けた。1927年には児玉一造氏みずからインドを回り、現地の紡績事業が利益を生まない原因を探っている。その結果、1935年の綿花輸入取扱高は日本全体の21.5%に達した。一方で終戦により海外資産1億400万円余りをすべて失い、戦後は三井物産との取扱品目の協定が消えたことで、機械や食品へ品目を広げた。" }, { "label": "現況", "text": "最後は自己資本を削られたまま、豊田通商に吸収された総合商社である。連結売上高は2002年3月期の2兆3,848億円から2005年3月期に1兆5,773億円まで縮んだ。最終期の2006年3月期は売上高1兆8,108億円、経常利益254億円を上げたが、当期純損益は483億円の赤字となり、自己資本は前期の413億円から139億円へ減った。有利子負債3,934億円は自己資本の約28倍に上る。2006年3月に上場を廃止し、4月に豊田通商へ吸収合併されて解散した。" } ], "profile": [ { "key": "founding_business", "label": "祖業", "value": "三井物産綿花部から継いだ綿花輸入と綿糸布輸出" }, { "key": "delisting", "label": "上場と廃止", "value": "1950年〜2006年", "note": "東京・大阪・名古屋へ上場、現在は豊田通商" } ], "lineage": { "path": "8003-lineage-top.v3.json" }, "timelineLead": "1920年に三井物産の綿花部が独立し大阪で発足した東洋棉花が起源。\n産地での直接買付で1935年に日本の綿花輸入の21.5%を扱い、1987年には風力発電事業を始めた。戦前は三井物産・三菱商事に次ぐ取扱高を持った総合商社で、2006年に豊田通商へ吸収合併された。", "lineageLead": "三井物産の棉花部が1920年に分離独立して発足した東洋棉花が前身である。\n1955年に鐘淵商事を吸収合併し、1970年にトーメンへ商号を変更した。2000年に豊田通商と資本業務提携し、2006年に同社へ吸収合併されて解散した。独立系の綿花商社が、トヨタ系商社への統合で法人としての歴史を終えた。", "foundingStory": true, "summary": { "description": "トーメンの歴史を創業から現在まで一次資料でたどる。沿革・財務・歴代社長・大株主・セグメントの長期データを時系列で横断。" }, "chapters": [ { "start_year": 1920, "end_year": 1949, "main_title": "三井物産棉花部を継いだ東洋棉花の設立と戦後の取扱拡大", "subsections": [ { "title": "大阪の綿花取引を東京で決めていた三井物産と、児玉一造氏が掲げた3割配当保証", "text": "綿花部長の児玉一造氏は1918年ごろから、三井物産の取扱高のおよそ3分の1を占める綿花部を独立会社にする案を本社へ建議した。主力の綿花は国際的な投機の対象で、相場の上下と競争が激しい商品である。綿花部は本拠を取引の中心の大阪に置きながら、一刻を争う思惑の判断を東京本社に委ねていた。社内金利も銀行より日歩1〜2厘高く、自前の資本金を元手にできる専業の日本綿花・江商に比べて資金の費用がかさんだ。本社理事長の団琢磨氏はこの案を即決せず、承認は1920年に入るまでずれ込んだ。児玉一造氏は、判断の場と資金を綿花部の手元に置くことを独立の目的に据えたとみられる。\n\n本社の承認を得た児玉一造氏は、1920年3月に新会社の3割配当保証を正式に発表した。新会社の名は東洋棉花に固まり、発行株式のおよそ半分を公募に回す方針まで外に示していた。ところが3月末から4月に戦後恐慌の兆しが現れ、児玉一造氏らは三井の信用を守るため株式の公開を取りやめた。結局は三井物産が株式の9割近くを抱え、従業員にもいくらかを割り当てて、新会社は予定の4月15日に独立。新会社は資本金2,500万円の半額払込で発足し、残る払込は1922年と1936年に徴収して全額払込とした。発表した計画を守りながら、恐慌の損失を一般株主に及ぼさず三井の内部にとどめる判断だったと推察される。\n\n東洋棉花は1920年4月15日、三井物産棉花部の綿花輸入と綿糸布輸出を継承して大阪で発足した。社名に三井を冠さなかったのは、投機性の強い綿花で失敗した場合に三井家へ累が及ぶのを避けるためである。立案者の児玉一造氏は専務にとどまって社長を置かず、会長には三井物産の筆頭常務だった藤瀬政次郎氏を迎えた。地元財界との関係を固めるため、永田仁助氏を取締役、広岡恵三氏を監査役に招いた。競合の日本綿花と江商の資本金は各5,000万円で、東洋棉花の資本金はその半分にあたる。児玉一造氏が専務にとどまったのは、物産に残る同輩への心理的な影響を考えたためと思われる。", "references": [ { "title": "私の履歴書 経済人5「塚田公太（倉敷紡績・会長）」", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "会社銀行八十年史（1955）日本会社史「東洋棉花」", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "企業の歴史 明治百年（1968）「東洋棉花」", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "証券 1(10)(12) 1950年", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ], "start_year": 1920, "opinionPos": [ [ 277 ], [ 290 ], [ 274 ] ] }, { "title": "インドと米国南部に張った直接買付の網と、綿花輸入の21.5%", "text": "東洋棉花は発足と同時に旧綿花部員の役職をほぼ例外なく1〜2階級引き上げ、ボンベイ支店次長の塚田公太氏も支店長に昇格した。給与は三井物産の年功序列を改め、利潤を従業員へ還元する方式を採った。重役の月給は物産の半額の250円に抑え、業績の良い年に厚く配る江商・日本綿花の方式に合わせた。インド・中国・蘭印・満鮮・米国南部には支店と出張所を設けて綿花を産地で直接買い付け、輸出では三井物産の海外店と連携した。恐慌の余波で創業から約2年は苦しく、利益が出始めたのは1923年だった。昇進と配分の見直しで、物産の一部門だった時代の部員の不満を解いたと考えられる。\n\n1927年10月、専務の児玉一造氏はインドへ渡り、約2カ月で全土1万マイルを回った。目的は、原綿を現地で賄えるのに利益を生まないインドの紡績事業について、原因を突き止めることである。日本製の綿布をインドへ輸出すると7割5分の関税がかかり、現地で紡げばこれを避けられた。社内には猛暑や英国の属領での差別待遇を懸念する反対論があり、進出は児玉一造氏の決裁で決まった。塚田公太氏は7月に先発して資料をそろえ、ボンベイの紡績事情の調査から始まる強行軍の全行程に随行した。東洋棉花は中国・満鮮・南米でも、直営や資本参加で繰綿・梱包・紡績の工場を経営していた。\n\n1930年1月10日、児玉一造氏は3年空席だった会長に選ばれ、20日後の1月30日に死去した。後任に選ばれた専務の山崎一保氏は会長制を続け、偶然得た地位を私物化すべきでないと5年で退任して、上海紡績の社長だった権野健三氏が継いだ。1933年から1937年の綿業の好況期に、東洋棉花の綿花輸入高は日本の総輸入量の20%前後を占めた。1935年の綿花輸入取扱高は295万ピクルで、日本の綿花輸入高の21.5%にあたる。第二次大戦に入るころの取扱高は、三井物産と三菱商事に次ぐ3位だった。創業期に築いた産地の直接買付網が、創業者の死後も輸入の取扱を支えたのだろう。", "references": [ { "title": "私の履歴書 経済人5「塚田公太（倉敷紡績・会長）」", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "会社銀行八十年史（1955）日本会社史「東洋棉花」", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "企業の歴史 明治百年（1968）「東洋棉花」", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "証券 1(10)(12) 1950年", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ], "start_year": 1921, "opinionPos": [ [ 275 ], [], [ 278 ] ] }, { "title": "為替管理令で始まった統制と、1億400万円の海外資産の喪失", "text": "蔵相が予算を20億円台から36億円へ膨らませると、為替の暴落を見込んだ大阪の商社と紡績は12月の1カ月で綿花を2億円買い付けた。年間輸入額の3分の1近くに当たり、政府の外貨約3億円は底をつき、1937年1月初めには為替管理令の強化。綿花同業会の会長だった塚田公太氏は、大蔵省為替管理部長の上山英三氏に呼び出された。塚田公太氏は、買い手は紡績であり外貨事情を公表しない政府にも非があると反論した。以後の買付には必要額の6割ほどしか為替が割り当てられず、不足分は輸入先からの借入で賄った。日華事変の後は生産と流通の統制が強まり、輸出入の障害が増した。\n\n1940年12月、塚田公太氏の東洋棉花会長への就任。塚田公太氏は日本綿糸布輸出組合の理事長も兼ね、1941年6月の引き受け時には取引の大半が統制下にあった。1941年に日本は戦時経済へ移り、貿易は大東亜共栄圏の内側に限られ、統制で綿花と綿糸の取扱高は縮小を続けた。太平洋戦争で海外との取引が途絶え、東洋棉花は国家の要請で中国・満鮮・タイ・仏印・ビルマ・フィリピン・蘭印に業務を移した。現地では綿花の栽培と集荷に加え、紡織と物資・資材の交流を担った。綿製品は最後に1ヤード平均33銭で交易営団へ一括して委譲され、各社と製品のつながりは断たれた。\n\n終戦で東洋棉花は、7カ国の直営工場26と投資会社36を含む終戦時簿価1億400万円余りの海外資産をすべて失った。三井系として制限会社に指定され、1946年8月に特別経理会社、1948年2月に集中排除法の指定も受け、同年5月に解除された。整備計画に沿って1949年4月に資本金を1,330万円へ減資し、7月に2,500万円へ増資して9月末に再建整備を終えた。旧三井物産の解体で両社の取引品目協定が消え、綿花と綿糸布以外の商品を扱えるようになった。1947年8月の民間貿易再開の後、取扱品目は機械・金物・セメント・食品・砂糖・石炭へ広がった。1950年7月の上場時の社長は前田保勇氏だった。", "references": [ { "title": "私の履歴書 経済人5「塚田公太（倉敷紡績・会長）」", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "会社銀行八十年史（1955）日本会社史「東洋棉花」", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "企業の歴史 明治百年（1968）「東洋棉花」", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "証券 1(10)(12) 1950年", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ], "start_year": 1937 } ] } ], "long_term": [ { "year": 1950, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1951, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1952, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1953, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1954, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1955, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1956, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1957, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1958, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 1657.71, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版 半期合算" }, { "year": 1959, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 1741.89, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版 半期合算" }, { "year": 1960, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 2089.03, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版 半期合算" }, { "year": 1961, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 2777.98, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "ダイヤモンド会社産業総覧 1964年版 半期合算" }, { "year": 1962, "month": 3, "company_name": "東洋棉花", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": 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2003, "month": 3, "company_name": "トーメン", "consolidation": "連結", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 20829, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 137, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": -670, "net_margin": -3.217, "employees": 8429, "reference": "有価証券報告書" }, { "year": 2004, "month": 3, "company_name": "トーメン", "consolidation": "連結", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 16041, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 216, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": 38, "net_margin": 0.236, "employees": 5584, "reference": "有価証券報告書" }, { "year": 2005, "month": 3, "company_name": "トーメン", "consolidation": "連結", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 15773, "operating_profit_jp": "営業利益", "operating_profit": 266, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 250, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": 96, "net_margin": 0.608, "employees": 5554, "reference": "有価証券報告書" }, { "year": 2006, "month": 3, "company_name": "トーメン", "consolidation": "連結", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 18108, "operating_profit_jp": "営業利益", "operating_profit": 211, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 254, "net_profit_jp": "当期純利益", "net_profit": -483, "net_margin": -2.668, "employees": 4769, "reference": "有価証券報告書" } ] }