{
  "timeline": [
    {
      "date": "1918/4",
      "category": "会社設立",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "東海電極製造株式会社を設立",
      "detail": "寒川恒貞が福沢桃介の賛意を得て設立。電気製鋼所向けの国産黒鉛電極供給を目的",
      "significance": "日本における電気製鋼用黒鉛電極の国産化の起点",
      "source": "有価証券報告書",
      "amount": "資本金50万円"
    },
    {
      "date": "1919/11",
      "category": "組織再編",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "大三位製作所を合併",
      "detail": "東京の小物炭素製品メーカー",
      "significance": "炭素製品分野への事業拡大",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1925/1",
      "category": "研究開発",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "電解ソーダ工業用人造黒鉛電極（電解板）の試作に成功",
      "detail": "1919年からの人造黒鉛製造技術開発の成果",
      "significance": "国産人造黒鉛電極技術の確立",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1929/1",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "製鋼用人造黒鉛電極（細物）の生産を開始",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "主力製品の確立",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1934/1",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "当時最大級の18吋電極を試作、呉海軍工廠に納入",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "大型電極開発力の実証",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1935/3",
      "category": "組織再編",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "第二東海電極株式会社を設立",
      "detail": "熊本県田浦町に設立。1936年11月に合併",
      "significance": "田ノ浦工場（現）の設立",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1936/1",
      "category": "設備投資",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "九州若松工場新設、ピッチコークス製造開始",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "原料内製化",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1936/2",
      "category": "組織再編",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "東極興業株式会社を設立",
      "detail": "耐火煉瓦製造。後の東海高熱工業",
      "significance": "",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1938/6",
      "category": "設備投資",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "茅ヶ崎工場建設、特殊炭素製造",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1941/1",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "九州若松工場でカーボンブラック製造を開始",
      "detail": "1937年のピッチオイル原料試作研究を経て本格製造",
      "significance": "国産カーボンブラック事業の起点",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1949/5",
      "category": "株式上場",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "東京・大阪・名古屋3証券取引所に株式上場",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "戦後の株式市場再開に伴う上場",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1950/3",
      "category": "研究開発",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "自社技術で日本初のファーネス式カーボンブラック製造",
      "detail": "ゴム用「シースト116」の工業化成功",
      "significance": "国産カーボンブラックの技術的先駆",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1955/1",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "カーボンブラック国内シェア40%に到達",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "自動車・タイヤ産業の成長を取り込み成長製品に",
      "source": "",
      "amount": "国内シェア40%"
    },
    {
      "date": "1959/1",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "日本初の20吋電極を完成",
      "detail": "電気炉の大電力操業化に対応",
      "significance": "大型電極国産化",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1960/1",
      "category": "業務提携",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "米キャボット社と技術提携契約",
      "detail": "カーボンブラック製造技術",
      "significance": "世界大手からの技術導入で生産技術強化",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1962/12",
      "category": "設備投資",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "知多工場建設、カーボンブラック製造",
      "detail": "愛知県武豊町",
      "significance": "カーボンブラック主力工場",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1971/6",
      "category": "設備投資",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "防府工場建設、人造黒鉛電極製造",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "電極生産能力拡大",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1975/6",
      "category": "組織再編",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "商号を東海電極から東海カーボンに変更",
      "detail": "カーボンブラック比率が総売上の40%超に",
      "significance": "事業構造の変化を反映した社名変更",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1978/7",
      "category": "設備投資",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "石巻工場新設",
      "detail": "東部拠点として3工場体制",
      "significance": "",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1983/8",
      "category": "研究開発",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "田ノ浦工場で等方性黒鉛材の生産技術を確立",
      "detail": "ファインカーボン事業",
      "significance": "半導体・先端材料向け事業の基盤",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1986/7",
      "category": "組織再編",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "総合研究所「富士研究所」を新設",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "先端材料研究強化",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1987/9",
      "category": "海外進出",
      "region": "米州",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "米国ニューヨークにファインカーボン販売会社TOKAI CARBON AMERICA設立",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "米国販売拠点",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1988/1",
      "category": "組織再編",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "工場集約化と合理化を敢行",
      "detail": "1985年プラザ合意後の円高対応",
      "significance": "電極の国際競争力低下への対応",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1990/2",
      "category": "海外進出",
      "region": "東南アジア",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "タイに合弁でTHAI CARBON PRODUCT設立",
      "detail": "カーボンブラック製造販売",
      "significance": "東南アジア生産拠点の獲得",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "1992/1",
      "category": "組織再編",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 4,
      "event": "東洋カーボンと合併",
      "detail": "滋賀工場・山梨工場・茅ヶ崎第二工場が増加。摩擦材事業を獲得",
      "significance": "カーボンブラック・電極・不浸透性黒鉛で国内首位の炭素製品総合メーカーに",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1996/1",
      "category": "社長交代",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "大嶽史記夫が代表取締役社長就任",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1996/8",
      "category": "海外進出",
      "region": "その他",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "韓国にTOKAI CARBON KOREA設立",
      "detail": "ファインカーボン加工販売",
      "significance": "",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2003/10",
      "category": "株式上場",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "大阪・名古屋証券取引所の上場廃止",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "東京単独上場への集約",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2005/7",
      "category": "企業買収",
      "region": "欧州",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "ドイツの黒鉛電極製造販売会社ERFTCARBONを完全子会社化",
      "detail": "TOKAI ERFTCARBON GmbH",
      "significance": "欧州電極事業の獲得",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2006/12",
      "category": "企業買収",
      "region": "欧州",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "ドイツのファインカーボン加工販売会社CARBON INDUSTRIE-PRODUKTE出資持分80%取得",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "欧州ファインカーボン事業の獲得",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2007/1",
      "category": "社長交代",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "工藤能成が代表取締役社長就任",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "2009/12",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "リーマンショックで売上半減",
      "detail": "売上高832億円（前期1,284億円）、営業利益52億円（前期216億円）",
      "significance": "世界的な自動車・鉄鋼需要の急減による影響",
      "source": "有価証券報告書",
      "amount": "売上高832億円"
    },
    {
      "date": "2014/4",
      "category": "企業買収",
      "region": "米州",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "カナダのCancarb Limitedを完全子会社化",
      "detail": "カーボンブラック製造販売",
      "significance": "熱分解カーボンブラック事業の獲得",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2015/1",
      "category": "社長交代",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "長坂一が代表取締役社長就任",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "2016/12",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "初の純損失▲79億円",
      "detail": "FY16。特別損失110億円計上",
      "significance": "電極・ファインカーボン事業の減損",
      "source": "有価証券報告書",
      "amount": "純損失▲79億円"
    },
    {
      "date": "2017/11",
      "category": "企業買収",
      "region": "米州",
      "importance": 4,
      "event": "米SGL GE（黒鉛電極）を完全子会社化",
      "detail": "TOKAI CARBON GE LLCとしアジア・北米・欧州の3極体制を実現",
      "significance": "大型M&Aによる世界的電極メーカーへの飛躍",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2018/12",
      "category": "",
      "region": "中国",
      "importance": 4,
      "event": "電極市況高騰で売上2,313億円・営業利益731億円",
      "detail": "FY18。前期売上1,063億円から2倍化。黒鉛電極事業売上1,021億円・営業利益560億円",
      "significance": "中国環境規制と電炉鉄鋼需要急増で電極価格が急騰。SGL買収直後のタイミングで業績最高益",
      "source": "有価証券報告書",
      "amount": "売上高2,313億円"
    },
    {
      "date": "2018/9",
      "category": "企業買収",
      "region": "米州",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "米カーボンブラックメーカーSid Richardson Carbonを完全子会社化",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "米国カーボンブラック事業の獲得",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2019/7",
      "category": "企業買収",
      "region": "欧州",
      "importance": 4,
      "event": "ドイツCOBEX Holdco（炭素黒鉛製品グループ）を完全子会社化",
      "detail": "スメルティング＆ライニング事業を獲得",
      "significance": "アルミ・鉄鋼向け炭素材料の世界的ポジション獲得",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2020/7",
      "category": "企業買収",
      "region": "欧州",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "フランスCarbone Savoie SAS持株会社を完全子会社化",
      "detail": "Tokai COBEX GmbHと共同取得",
      "significance": "欧州炭素事業の補完",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2022/4",
      "category": "株式上場",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "東京証券取引所プライム市場へ移行",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "市場区分見直し",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2022/12",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "売上高3,404億円・営業利益406億円",
      "detail": "FY22。カーボンブラック価格転嫁と電極市況回復",
      "significance": "2018年以降の大型M&A効果が最大化",
      "source": "有価証券報告書",
      "amount": "売上高3,404億円"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024/12",
      "category": "",
      "region": "欧州",
      "importance": 5,
      "event": "純損失▲565億円、特別損失769億円",
      "detail": "FY24。黒鉛電極事業の構造改革に伴う減損・事業撤退関連",
      "significance": "欧州電極事業からの事実上の撤退決断",
      "source": "有価証券報告書",
      "amount": "純損失▲565億円、特別損失769億円"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024/12",
      "category": "企業買収",
      "region": "米州",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "KBR/MWI株式を取得、連結子会社化",
      "detail": "米国カーボンブラック事業のバリューチェーン統合",
      "significance": "米国事業統合の布石",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025/6",
      "category": "組織再編",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "滋賀工場の黒鉛電極生産中止、独Tokai Erftcarbonを譲渡",
      "detail": "Lenbach Equity Opportunities III. GmbH & Co. KGへ譲渡",
      "significance": "2017年SGL買収で拡張した欧州電極拠点からの撤退",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025/9",
      "category": "企業買収",
      "region": "東南アジア",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "ブリヂストン・旭カーボン所有のBRIDGESTONE CARBON BLACK THAILANDを共同取得",
      "detail": "Thai Tokai Carbon Product Rojanaに改称",
      "significance": "東南アジアのカーボンブラック事業再編",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026/1",
      "category": "組織再編",
      "region": "米州",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "米国3社を統合しTokai Carbon US Holdings Inc.傘下に再編",
      "detail": "TCU・KBR・MWIを統合",
      "significance": "米国事業の持株会社体制化",
      "source": "有価証券報告書"
    }
  ]
}