{
  "timeline": [
    {
      "date": "1887/6",
      "category": "会社設立",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 4,
      "event": "長瀬富郎商店を創業",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "製造ではなく流通から市場に入った創業期の事業設計",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1890/10",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "花王石鹸を発売",
      "detail": "1890年、長瀬富郎商店は石鹸の製造に参入し、国産の「花王石鹸」を発売した。これは、流通業として石鹸を扱ってきた同店が、製造工程へと活動領域を広げる動きだった。長瀬富郎は日用雑貨商として輸入石鹸を販売する中で、品質差や供給条件、価格形成を把握しており、その知見を踏まえてバリューチェーンの川上へ進出していた。",
      "significance": "流通業者からメーカへの転身",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1922/11",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "吾嬬町工場を新設",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "量産設備への先行投資で築いた日用品メーカーの競争基盤",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1925/5",
      "category": "会社設立",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "花王石鹸株式会社を設立",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "事業拡大が促した創業家経営から法人経営への制度転換",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1940/5",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "日本有機を設立",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "戦時下の軍需対応が残した油脂化学の技術資産",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1949/5",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "東京証券取引所に株式上場",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1954/8",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "花王石鹸が花王油脂を吸収合併",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1951",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "合成洗剤を発売",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "戦時下の化学技術が可能にした洗浄剤市場の転換",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1957/12",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "合成洗剤工場に投資",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "専用設備への先行投資が固定化した石鹸から洗剤への事業転換",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1963/3",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "川崎工場を新設",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1964",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "小売店と再販契約を締結",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "短期のシェア喪失を許容して流通構造を再設計した競争戦略",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1978/3",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "設備投資を積極化",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "流通・技術・海外展開という三段階の投資順序の設計",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1983",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "紙おむつ「メリーズ」を発売",
      "detail": "紙おむつに後発参入。P&Gおよびユニチャームとの熾烈な競争を展開",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1982",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "化粧品事業に参入",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1985/10",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "商号を花王株式会社に変更",
      "detail": "花王石鹸から花王に変更。多角化路線を本格化",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1985",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "情報媒体FDに参入",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "売上800億円の事業撤退が残した組織経験と経営規律",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1986",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "トータルコストリダクションを推進",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "全社横断のコスト管理が開いた数字経営への転換",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1993/8",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "中国に現地法人を設立",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1999/1",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "花王販売株式会社を設立",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "40年をかけた流通改革の完結と製販一体型経営への移行",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "1999/4",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "経営指標にEVAを採用",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "優れた指標への依存が問い直しを遅らせた逆説的構造",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "2000",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "取締役会の改革",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "2002/9",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "米John Frieda社を買収",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "2006",
      "category": "企業買収",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 4,
      "event": "カネボウ化粧品を買収",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "4100億円の投資回収を遅らせた組織統合の設計不全",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "2018/1",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "Oribe Hair Careを買収",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "2018/8",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 1,
      "event": "Washing Systemsを買収",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "2018/11",
      "category": "",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 2,
      "event": "早期退職者への支払金増額",
      "detail": "国内および中国における生産体制の縮小を受けて、花王は人財構造改革を公表。早期退職者に対する支払金の増額を決定。2023年12月期に250億円の構造改革費用を計上した。",
      "significance": "",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "2011/4",
      "category": "海外進出",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "中国でオムツの生産開始",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "品質優位の非永続性と海外生産投資の回収設計",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "2023/11",
      "category": "企業買収",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "Bondi Sands Australiaを買収",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "日本発輸出から現地ブランド軸へと転じた海外展開の方法論",
      "source": ""
    },
    {
      "date": "2025/4",
      "category": "株主対応",
      "region": "",
      "importance": 3,
      "event": "オアシスからの株主提案を否認",
      "detail": "",
      "significance": "ESG経営の時間軸と資本市場の要求水準の構造的乖離",
      "source": ""
    }
  ]
}