{ "spec_version": "3", "endpoint": "history", "stock_code": "4208", "company_name": "UBE", "content_lang": "ja", "meta_lang": "en", "canonical_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/4208/decisions/", "api_url": "/api/4208/history.json", "updated": "2026-09-08", "license": "© 2026 Yutaka Sugiura. All rights reserved.", "attribution": "The社史 (the-shashi.com) — https://the-shashi.com/tse/4208/decisions/", "source": { "chapters": { "html_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/4208/", "primary": [ "社史", "有価証券報告書", "新聞・雑誌記事" ], "extraction": "一次資料を読み合わせて執筆" }, "long_term": { "primary": [ "会社年鑑", "有価証券報告書" ], "extraction": "EDINET の XBRL、kabupro 掲載の旧有価証券報告書、会社年鑑・社史等からの転記", "row_field": "reference", "caveat": "創業期から現在までを 1 本に繋いだ長期系列のため、年代により出所・単位・連結範囲が変わる。行ごとの reference / unit / consolidation を必ず参照すること" }, "decisions": { "html_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/4208/decisions/", "primary": [ "企業の公表資料", "新聞・雑誌記事" ], "extraction": "本文は API に載せない。行ごとの html_url のページを参照すること" } }, "title": "UBEの歴史概略", "summary": { "title": "サマリー", "text": "", "description": "UBE（旧宇部興産）の歴史。1897年、山口県宇部の沖ノ山炭鉱に始まり、1942年の4社合併で宇部興産が発足。祖業の石炭からの撤退、カプロラクタム、2022年のセメント分離と改称までの沿革と経緯を執筆。" }, "eras": [ { "title": "石炭が枯れる前に仕込まれた機械・セメント・化学", "start_year": 1897, "end_year": 1956 }, { "title": "セメントと化学量産で拡大した総合素材企業", "start_year": 1957, "end_year": 2001 }, { "title": "祖業セメントの切り離しと商号UBE化への転換", "start_year": 2002, "end_year": 2024 } ], "overview": [ { "label": "創業", "text": "1897年6月、渡辺祐策氏ら宇部の地元有志が資本金4.5万円を出し合い、匿名組合・沖ノ山炭鉱を設立した。財閥資本を入れず、出資者と従業員と地域住民がほぼ重なる共同経営として始めている。石炭が尽きれば元の農漁村に戻るという見通しから、1914年に宇部新川鉄工所、1923年に宇部セメント製造、1933年に宇部窒素工業を、いずれも地元出資で並走させた。1942年3月にこの4社が合併して宇部興産が発足し、1949年5月に東京証券取引所へ上場する。80年使った商号をUBEへ改めたのは2022年4月である。" }, { "label": "決断", "text": "祖業を止めるより先に、次の事業を地元出資で立ち上げてきた。エネルギー革命で石炭の採算が失われると、1957年から[石炭部門の約7,000名を化学・セメント・機械へ配置転換した](/tse/4208/decisions/ube-coal-withdrawal-1957/)。配置先は創業期から並走させた化学・セメント・機械であり、人員整理ではなく異動で吸収した。次の量産品には化学を選び、[カプロラクタムの量産化へ進み](/tse/4208/decisions/caprolactam-global-expansion-1955-2005/)、スペインとタイでの現地生産までナイロン原料の供給網を広げる。2020年9月には三菱マテリアルとの経営統合を決め、2022年4月に[セメント関連事業をUBE三菱セメントへ承継して連結から外した](/tse/4208/decisions/cement-succession-ube-rename-2022/)。石炭もセメントも、人と設備の移し先を決めてから連結の外へ出した。" }, { "label": "現況", "text": "セメントが抜けた売上高4,623億円は、五つの事業へ細かく割れている。2026年3月期の連結売上高のうち樹脂・化成品が2,284億円で最大だが、セグメント利益は82億円にとどまる。利益で上回るのは機能品の509億円・98億円と機械の681億円・62億円で、規模と採算の順位が一致しない。カプロラクタムはタイで2026年3月、国内で2027年3月に生産を停止し、アンモニアの国内生産も2028年3月に止める。1955年から60年以上つくり続けた量産化学品を自ら順次停止するこの計画は、2013年度比65%というGHG削減目標と同じ線の上にある。" }, { "label": "競合", "text": "セメントを外した化学各社のうち、UBEだけが商号も同時に替えた。[デンカは2022年にセメントから撤退し](/tse/4061/decisions/cement-withdrawal-2022/)、[トクヤマ](/tse/4043/decisions/cement-exit-2026/)も国内販売を太平洋セメントへ譲ったが、いずれも社名はそのままである。ナイロン原料では、1951年に[米デュポンとナイロンの技術提携を結んだ](/tse/3402/decisions/dupont-nylon-alliance-1951/)した東レが川下の繊維と炭素繊維へ伸びたのに対し、UBEは原料であるカプロラクタムを海外で量産する側に残り、その量産品を2020年代に自ら止めた。空いた穴は開発ではなく買収で埋めている。2025年4月にLANXESSからウレタンシステムズ事業を取得して現地法人11社を連結に加え、高機能ウレタンを独立セグメントとして立てた。地元出資で次を仕込んだ会社が、現在は海外の売り手から取得して仕込んでいる。" } ], "profile": [ { "key": "founding_business", "label": "祖業", "value": "沖ノ山炭鉱での石炭採掘" }, { "key": "current_issue", "label": "現在の注力課題", "value": "高機能ウレタンの取得と電池材料への大型投資", "tags": [ "M&A", "増産投資" ] } ], "auditVersion": 3, "foundingStory": true, "chapters": [ { "start_year": 1897, "end_year": 1956, "main_title": "石炭が枯れる前に仕込まれた機械・セメント・化学", "subsections": [ { "title": "資本金4.5万円の村人組合から始まった炭鉱", "text": "1897年6月、初代社長の渡辺祐策氏ら宇部の地元有志が資本金4.5万円を出し合い、匿名組合\"沖ノ山炭鉱\"を設立した。中央財界からかけ離れた辺地ゆえ地元有志で資金を賄うほかなく、出資者は応分の出資に加えて自らも労役を提供した。出資者と従業員と地域住民がほぼ重なる共同経営の体裁で、瀬戸内海の海底炭田の採掘から事業が始まった。明治末から戦前にかけて宇部周辺では沖ノ山・東見初・本山・山陽無煙・長澤・西沖ノ山の6炭鉱が稼働し、1949年時点で従業員約12,000名を石炭部門が抱える地域最大の炭鉱会社へ育った。宇部の企業は宇部人のためにあり、宇部人の利益に奉仕すべきだという大原則が、組合員＝出資者＝従業員という構造から自然に生まれた。\n\n創業者の渡辺祐策氏は炭鉱の好況期から将来の枯渇を口にしていた。現在ある石炭の恩恵を一時代の宇部の人が独占せず、石炭の恩恵を将来の工業へ転化し、石炭が消滅しても無限の工業を残すことで子々孫々まで生活を豊かにしうるようにする、というのが渡辺氏の理念であった。この『有限の石炭から無限の工業へ』という言葉は、創業者が炭鉱の創設にあたり掲げた発想を一文に縮めて伝えている。中安閑一氏も後年、経営理念を問われて『限りある石炭から無限の事業を起こして子孫に伝える』と整理しており、枯れる前に次を仕込む発想が企業理念そのものへと引き上げられた。石炭そのものを売るのではなく、石炭を原料・燃料として加工産業へ転じさせる発想は、のちの多角化の骨格を早くから規定し、宇部発祥の産業群を下支えする共通の基盤にもなった。", "references": [ { "title": "企業の歴史 : 明治百年（経済春秋社編, 1968）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "UBE 有価証券報告書【沿革】", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "歴史をつくる人々 第11（1965）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "わたしの経営", "year": 1963, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "ダイヤモンド 1956年10月2日号", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "日経ビジネス 1984年5月7日号", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "読売新聞 1966年8月27日", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "宇部興産_部門別人員数（会社年鑑）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ], "quotes": [ { "speaker": "渡辺祐策", "role": "沖ノ山炭鉱の創設にあたり掲げた経営理念", "date": "1968", "text": "有限の石炭から享ける恩恵を、一時代の宇部の人が独占してはならない。現在ある石炭の恩恵は将来の工業に転化し、たとえ石炭は消滅しても、無限の工業を残すことによって、子々孫々まで生活を豊かにしうるようにしなければならない", "source": "企業の歴史 : 明治百年（経済春秋社編, 1968）", "paragraph": 2 } ] }, { "title": "3年刻みで仕込んだ機械・セメント・化学", "text": "渡辺祐策氏の考えは具体的な会社設立として形をとった。1914年1月に炭鉱機械を内製する宇部新川鉄工所、1923年9月に石灰石と石炭採掘で出る良質の粘土を生かす宇部セメント製造、1933年4月にアンモニアを軸とする宇部窒素工業を、いずれも宇部の地元出資で立ち上げた。宇部窒素では、従来コークスから水性ガスを得ていた硫安製造を改め、石炭から直接水素をとるわが国最初の石炭ガス化による方法を採った。石炭の副産物や港湾立地を生かす形で、機械・セメント・化学の3領域を10〜20年刻みで仕込んでいく段取りだった。それぞれが独立した宇部発祥企業として並走する体制は、戦時統合の圧力に対する備えとしても機能し、9年後に宇部発祥4社の自己統合として合併する下地にもなった。\n\n1942年3月、政府が同業他社との企業合同を進める中で、宇部興産は沖ノ山炭鉱・宇部新川鉄工所・宇部セメント製造・宇部窒素工業の4社合併で発足した。4社はいずれも役員を共通にし同一立地で有機的につながっていたため、外部資本との統合ではなく宇部発祥4社の自己統合という形を選び、地域共同経営の原型を維持した。1944年6月には日本鉱業山陽無煙鉱業所を買収し、無煙炭部門に進出した。1949年5月に東京証券取引所に上場し、1950年4月期の売上高構成は石炭3.0億円・硫安2.5億円・セメント0.8億円となっていた。石炭が依然主力ではあったが、3本目・4本目の柱がすでに収益を生み始めていた。従業員の内訳は石炭部門約12,000名に対し肥料部門約4,000名・セメント部門約1,000名・機械部門約800名で、人員構成は炭鉱会社のままである。", "references": [ { "title": "企業の歴史 : 明治百年（経済春秋社編, 1968）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "UBE 有価証券報告書【沿革】", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "歴史をつくる人々 第11（1965）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "わたしの経営", "year": 1963, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "ダイヤモンド 1956年10月2日号", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "日経ビジネス 1984年5月7日号", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "読売新聞 1966年8月27日", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "宇部興産_部門別人員数（会社年鑑）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ], "charts": [ { "path": "4208-lineage-1942.v2.json", "chart_type": "lineage", "paragraph": 2, "caption": "1897年沖ノ山炭鉱を起点に、1914年宇部新川鉄工所・1923年宇部セメント製造・1933年宇部窒素工業を地元出資で並走させ、1942年に宇部発祥4社が自己統合して宇部興産が発足するまでの系譜を1枚に整理した。\n地域共同経営の原型を維持したまま戦時統合の圧力を吸収したこの合併は、80年後の2022年にセメント関連事業をUBE三菱セメントへ承継して連結外に置き、同時に商号をUBEへ切り替える祖業切り離しの土台にもなった。" } ] }, { "title": "7,000名の配置転換で行った石炭撤退", "text": "1951年1月に中央研究所を開設し、1955年12月には宇部カプロラクタム工場を新設してナイロン原料の量産に踏み込んだ。販売先は日本レイヨンで、合成繊維市場の立ち上がりに合わせた参入だった。エネルギー革命で国内炭鉱の採算が悪化するなか、宇部興産はカプロラクタム・アンモニアという量産化学品を、石炭事業の縮小と並行して立ち上げる段取りを選んだ。枯れていく祖業から出る利益を、次の主力となる化学量産品へ振り向ける計画が、中央研究所開設からわずか4年で量産工場として実体化した。研究所・プラント・販売先の3つを同時に手当てしたのは、合成繊維ブームに後れを取らないための速度優先の判断だった。\n\n石炭撤退は社内の反対を抱えながら進んだ。水野一夫氏は『主力炭鉱だった宇部の沖ノ山炭鉱は鉱脈が薄くなり、採算が急速に悪化し始めた』『現場の坑夫と本社のスタッフとが一緒になり常磐炭田に進出しようと社内で運動し始めた』と振り返っている（日経ビジネス 1984/5/7）。経営陣は石炭の将来性を見限っていたが、現場の声に押されて常磐炭田への進出を決めた。出水多発で投資は失敗し、化学部門への投資を一時的に圧迫した。水野一夫氏は『転換期には往々にして両者（注：企業と社員）の間にズレが生じる』とも語っている（日経ビジネス 1984/5/7）。1957年から石炭部門の約7,000名を多角化事業に配置転換し、撤退と同時に化学・セメント・機械への再配置を行った点が、他の財閥系炭鉱会社との違いになった。1967年10月に宇部鉱業所を閉鎖し、1970年代までに石炭事業の従事者数はゼロとなった。", "references": [ { "title": "企業の歴史 : 明治百年（経済春秋社編, 1968）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "UBE 有価証券報告書【沿革】", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "歴史をつくる人々 第11（1965）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "わたしの経営", "year": 1963, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "ダイヤモンド 1956年10月2日号", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "日経ビジネス 1984年5月7日号", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "読売新聞 1966年8月27日", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "宇部興産_部門別人員数（会社年鑑）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ] } ] } ], "long_term": [ { "year": 1949, "month": 3, "company_name": "宇部興産", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1950, "month": 3, "company_name": "宇部興産", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1951, "month": 3, "company_name": "宇部興産", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1952, "month": 3, "company_name": "宇部興産", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1953, "month": 3, "company_name": "宇部興産", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1954, "month": 3, "company_name": "宇部興産", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1955, "month": 3, "company_name": "宇部興産", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 204, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, 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"https://the-shashi.com/tse/4208/decisions/ube-coal-withdrawal-1957/" }, { "title": "カプロラクタムの量産化と、スペイン・タイ現地生産によるナイロン原料の世界供給網の構築", "year": 2005, "type": "overseas", "html_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/4208/decisions/caprolactam-global-expansion-1955-2005/" }, { "title": "祖業セメントの連結除外と商号「宇部興産→UBE」への同時転換", "year": 2022, "type": "divestiture", "html_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/4208/decisions/cement-succession-ube-rename-2022/" } ] }