{ "spec_version": "3", "endpoint": "history", "stock_code": "4062", "company_name": "イビデン", "content_lang": "ja", "meta_lang": "en", "canonical_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/4062/decisions/", "api_url": "/api/4062/history.json", "updated": "2026-09-08", "license": "© 2026 Yutaka Sugiura. All rights reserved.", "attribution": "The社史 (the-shashi.com) — https://the-shashi.com/tse/4062/decisions/", "source": { "chapters": { "html_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/4062/", "primary": [ "社史", "有価証券報告書", "新聞・雑誌記事" ], "extraction": "一次資料を読み合わせて執筆" }, "long_term": { "primary": [ "有価証券報告書", "会社年鑑", "会社年鑑(1986年版)" ], "extraction": "EDINET の XBRL、kabupro 掲載の旧有価証券報告書、会社年鑑・社史等からの転記", "row_field": "reference", "caveat": "創業期から現在までを 1 本に繋いだ長期系列のため、年代により出所・単位・連結範囲が変わる。行ごとの reference / unit / consolidation を必ず参照すること" }, "decisions": { "html_url": "https://the-shashi.com/tse/4062/decisions/", "primary": [ "企業の公表資料", "新聞・雑誌記事" ], "extraction": "本文は API に載せない。行ごとの html_url のページを参照すること" } }, "title": "イビデンの歴史概略", "summary": { "title": "サマリー", "text": "", "description": "イビデン（旧揖斐川電力）の歴史。1912年、立川勇次郎が岐阜県大垣市で水力発電の会社として創立。カーバイドへの転換、プリント配線板への参入、1994年のインテル攻略プロジェクトまでの沿革と経緯を執筆。" }, "eras": [ { "title": "電力会社からカーバイドメーカーへの転身", "start_year": 1912, "end_year": 1969 }, { "title": "プラスチック基板の逆張りと半導体部材への転身", "start_year": 1970, "end_year": 2007 }, { "title": "グローバル量産体制とAI需要取り込みへの布石", "start_year": 2008, "end_year": 2023 } ], "overview": [ { "label": "創業", "text": "1912年11月、立川勇次郎ら地元有力者の発起により、岐阜県大垣市に揖斐川電力株式会社が設立された。揖斐川水系の水力電源を開発して電気を売る会社として出発し、1915年に西横山発電所が発電を始める。1918年からは自家発電の電力を自ら使い切るためカーバイドと合金鉄の電気炉工業を起こし、1921年に揖斐川電気、1940年に揖斐川電気工業へ改称した。電気を売る側から使う側へ回ったこの転身が、以後くり返す業態転換の原型となった。" }, { "label": "決断", "text": "持っている設備と技術の延長にある市場へ、乗り換え続けてきた。1942年の電力統制で創業事業の電気供給を手放すと、残った自家発電と電気炉でカーバイドを主力に据え、1960年には建材のメラミン化粧板へ移り、その工程で身についたエッチング加工が1970年のプリント配線板参入を支えた。1991年に最後の電気炉が消えて本業を失うと、遠藤優社長は[研究開発費のほぼ全額を半導体パッケージ一本へ振り向けた](/tse/4062/decisions/intel-package-substrate-1994/)。1942年と1991年はいずれも本業が先に消えてからの後追いで、次に何をやるかは手元に残った炉と加工設備が決めている。" }, { "label": "現況", "text": "収益はICパッケージ基板の一本に寄っている。2026年3月期の連結売上高4,162億円のうち電子セグメントが2,433億円と58%を占め、その利益452億円は全社営業利益620億円の7割にあたる。セラミックは826億円、残りは建材や情報サービスなどのその他事業である。地域別も日本1,129億円に対しアジアが2,179億円で、海外が7割を超える。[2008年に618億円を全額自己資金で投じた](/tse/4062/decisions/malaysia-plant-2008/)以来の海外量産網は2度の巨額減損を経たが、現在は2026年度からの3か年で電子事業へ5,000億円を投じ、AIサーバー向けの能力を河間・大野の両工場で積み増している。" }, { "label": "競合", "text": "主流の素材を外して割り込み、現在はその市場の大半を握っている。1990年代半ばまで半導体パッケージはセラミック製が大半で、[京セラ](/tse/6971/)や[日本特殊陶業](/tse/5334/decisions/ceramic-ic-package-1967/)が市場を占めていた。イビデンは電気特性で勝るプラスチック製に賭け、価格を3分の1へ下げてインテルの次世代MPUに間に合わせ、後発から有力な供給者へ回った。現在はAIサーバー向けICパッケージ基板で自社推計70〜80%のシェアを持つが、需要はCPUとGPUの大口顧客に集中し、能力が需要に追いつかない状態が続く。" } ], "profile": [ { "key": "founding_business", "label": "祖業", "value": "揖斐川水系の水力発電と電気供給" }, { "key": "current_issue", "label": "現在の注力課題", "value": "AIサーバー向けICパッケージ基板の増産", "tags": [ "増産投資" ] } ], "auditVersion": 3, "foundingStory": true, "chapters": [ { "start_year": 1912, "end_year": 1969, "main_title": "電力会社からカーバイドメーカーへの転身", "subsections": [ { "title": "水力資源を核とした地域産業の創出", "text": "1912年11月、立川勇次郎ら地元有力者グループの発起により、揖斐川水系の水力電源を開発して電気供給事業を営む目的で、岐阜県大垣市に揖斐川電力株式会社が設立された。揖斐川の水力資源を活用した水力発電事業に参入し、他地域より安価な電力を武器に、大日本紡績をはじめとする紡績工場を大垣周辺に誘致する戦略を取った。発電事業と電力需要創出を同時に設計する地域産業モデルで、大垣はやがて繊維産業の集積地として発展し、高度経済成長期まで続く地域経済の基盤がこの創業期に築かれた。電力会社が発電設備を保有するだけでなく、みずから地域産業の創出主体として振る舞う発想は当時としては異例で、のちのイビデンの事業設計の原型を成した。\n\n1917年に大垣工場を新設してカーバイド製造を開始し、自社発電によるコスト優位を活かした垂直統合型の事業モデルを築いた。1918年からは自家発電電力の有効利用をはかってカーバイド・合金鉄の電気炉工業を、翌1919年には炭素工業を起こし、1935年からは石灰窒素の肥料も兼業して、水力で得た電力を化学品へ転じた。1921年に商号を揖斐川電気へ変更し電力と化学の二本立てを掲げ、1940年1月には揖斐川電気工業へ改称した。戦時中の水力発電会社の統合再編で独立企業としての電力事業継続が困難となり、1942年に五つの発電所のうち二つを電力統制会社（現中部電力）へ譲渡して創業以来の電気供給事業を廃止し、東横山・広瀬・川上の三発電所（2万4000KW）の自家発電を中核とする電気化学工業へ転じた。創業の原点である電力事業を時局の要請で手放した経験は、のちの事業転換を繰り返すイビデン独自の企業文化につながった。残された水力由来の自家電力と電気炉技術は、次の半世紀の化学・素材事業を支える資産となった。", "references": [ { "title": "イビデン 有価証券報告書【沿革】", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "企業の歴史 : 明治百年（経済春秋社, 1968）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ] }, { "title": "建材参入が準備したエッチング技術の蓄積", "text": "1939年、大同電力取締役だった宮寺敏雄が不振の揖斐電に専務として入り、会社を化学工業へ全面的に切り換えた。彼の発案で青柳工場に建設した映画カーボン用の電気トンネル窯は当時の日本で唯一の優秀な設備とされ、化学会社としての基礎を成した。戦後の1949年に東京証券取引所に上場し、カーバイド製造を主力事業として高度経済成長期を迎えた。1960年に建材分野に参入してメラミン化粧板の製造を開始し、1965年には三井化学工業と技術・業務両面の提携を結んで建材部門を重点にした体質への転進を始めた。メラミン化粧板の製造工程で必要となる精密なエッチング加工技術は、一見すると建材とは無関係な領域への寄り道のように見えたが、後年のプリント配線板参入における技術的基盤となった。一つの事業で蓄積した要素技術が次の事業領域で別の形で活用される連鎖の構造が、ここで輪郭を現した。\n\n1982年に商号を揖斐川電気からイビデンへ変更し、旧来の電力会社や化学メーカーのイメージからの転換を内外に示した。水力発電のコスト優位がカーバイド製造を可能にし、そのカーバイドの化学加工技術がメラミン化粧板事業につながり、メラミン化粧板の工程で培われたエッチング技術がやがてプリント配線板参入を支えるという技術の連鎖転用が、イビデンの事業変遷を貫く構造である。どの段階でも一見すると無関係な新事業のように見える選択が、実際には前段階の技術的な蓄積を前提としてはじめて成立していた点に、この企業の独自性が表れている。連続する事業転換は、手持ちの技術資産を別産業に投げ直す試行の積み重ねだった。", "references": [ { "title": "イビデン 有価証券報告書【沿革】", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] }, { "title": "企業の歴史 : 明治百年（経済春秋社, 1968）", "year": null, "month": null, "date": null, "url": null, "quotes": [] } ] } ] } ], "long_term": [ { "year": 1949, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1950, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1951, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1952, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1953, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1954, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1955, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1956, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1957, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1958, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1959, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1960, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1961, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1962, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1963, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1964, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1965, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1966, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1967, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1968, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1969, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1970, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": null, "sales": null, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": null, "ordinary_profit": null, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": null }, { "year": 1971, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 133, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 2.87, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "会社年鑑" }, { "year": 1972, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 136, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 3.11, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "会社年鑑" }, { "year": 1973, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 155, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 2.26, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "会社年鑑" }, { "year": 1974, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 212, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 7.49, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, "reference": "会社年鑑" }, { "year": 1975, "month": 3, "company_name": "揖斐川電気工業", "consolidation": "単体", "accounting_standard": "JGAAP", "unit": "億円", "sales_jp": "売上高", "sales": 280, "operating_profit_jp": null, "operating_profit": null, "ordinary_profit_jp": "経常利益", "ordinary_profit": 7.28, "net_profit_jp": null, "net_profit": null, "net_margin": null, "employees": null, 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